土壤环境监测技术规范中的土壤环境质量评价问题

近年来,场地和土壤污染勘查评价与修复逐渐发展成为环境科学和土木工程领域的热点,场地和土壤修复业务随之愈来愈多。但土壤修复理论和技术发展相对缓慢,无法满足土壤修复行业发展的需要。实践中,在场地和土壤污染勘查与评价的现行标准中,对土壤环境质量评价仅考虑了土壤中某物质成分的人为超标问题,而忽视了土壤中自然异常而导致土壤中某物质成分超标问题的评价,且误将土壤中某物质成分的超标等级定为土壤污染程度等级的全部。针对这些问题,本文通过研究,在深入分析各领域土壤污染评价差异的基础上,提出了土壤污染评价的一般过程、方法和标准,供标准修订参考。     

山东省环境监测技术演练实践与探讨

在综合分析山东省开展的环境监测技术演练活动基础上,重点探讨了省站开展全省性的多场所、多领域、多参数技术演练活动的组织及考评内容,特别介绍了演练活动考评的形式、内容、安排、标准及要求,总结了开展演练活动的收获与体会,以及发现的问题。     

Opportunities and constraints for organizations to help sustain tropical forest resources

A large number of organizations make decisions that directly or indirectly affect tropical forests. The principal constraints that affect these organizations are (1) insufficient funds; (2) insufficient knowledge about the resources and appropriate technologies; (3) institutional, cultural, and political factors; (4) inadequate communication; and (5) contradictory efforts. Opportunities for improving the efficiency and effectiveness of these organizations include (1) increasing cooperation among US government agencies; (2) redirecting international organizations; (3) increasing coordination among organizations; (4) boosting support of nongovernmental organizations and universities; (5) encouraging responsible involvement by private corporations; (6) strengthening existing organizations; and (7) creating new organizations.This article is drawn from US Congress, Office of Technology Assessment (1984), Technologies to Sustain Tropical Forest Resources, chap. 5. Other articles drawn from the OTA report are Hyman (1984a and b) and Hyman and Ross-Sheriff (1984). A larger number of organizations with activities related to tropical forestry are briefly described in the background paper (US Congress, Office of Technology Assessment 1983).     

Muting the Voice of the Local in the Age of the Global: How Communication Practices Compromised Public Participation in India's Allain Dunhangan Environmental Impact Assessment

Public participation is widely lauded as a way to make environmental decisions more democratic, to improve their quality, and to enhance their legitimacy. Scholars and citizens around the world repeatedly complain, however, that public participation frequently serves primarily as a pro forma exercise to defend predetermined decisions rather than as a meaningful opportunity for the affected public to influence decision-making. These critiques persist despite considerable research suggesting ways to improve the quality of public participation. This essay explores this problem by analyzing citizen involvement in the environmental impact assessment (EIA) processes for the Allain Duhangan hydropower project in northern India. It describes how meaningful public involvement was compromised—despite repeated objections by citizens and independent consultants—by four communication practices: (1) failing to provide adequate access to information; (2) predetermining EIA outcomes by controlling the definition of issues (“definitional hegemony”); (3) privileging scientific/technical discourse; (4) utilizing “consultative” forms of communication that promote one-way flows of information rather than more interactive forms that encourage the joint construction of information and values. This study further argues that these practices persist because they serve as acts of power that privilege dominant actors and interests in the larger socio-political context. This analysis thus suggests that altering communication practices that compromise the quality of public participation may require attending to the interaction between communication practices, relations of power, and the larger socio-political context in which public participation takes place.     

秦皇岛开发区生态现状与保护措施

秦皇岛市开发区受开发活动的影响,植被面积和生物多样性减少,生态系统服务功能价值下降,水土流失增加。基于秦皇岛开发区生态保护现状,从敏感生态系统建设、城区绿化、城市综合生态功能廊道、生态补偿、水土保持等方面,加强开发区生态保护,构建和谐生态,实现人与自然的协调发展。     

回转窑焚烧系统处理危险废物

该文简要介绍了回转窑焚烧系统的工艺技术，以及该系统处理危险废物的技术特点。     

气体脱硫装置的优化运行

中石化洛阳分公司炼油厂二催化车间自开工以来重视清洁生产和环境保护，针对干气及液态烃脱硫装置进行多次技术改造，保证了产品质量和装置长周期运行，创造出良好的经济效益和社会效益。     

环境危机中的技术观转换

本质上技术具有二重性质，既促进技术经济的发展，又加重环境压力，制约经济发展这是技术的单一目的性决定的。要杜绝技术对生态环境的破坏就必须转换技术观，采用生态技术，并辅助之以一定的制度与措施。     

有害气体治理技术分析

洛阳石化总厂五联合车间通过技术改造和加强管理，对各类有毒有害气体污染进行治理，环境保护取得显著成效。     

封闭型人造景观水体水质控制技术探讨

简要阐述了景观水体的作用、产生的问题,以及应用于景观水体水质控制的各种典型的水处理方法。通过对上海市9个封闭型人造景观水体水质控制措施的调研,探讨了控制该类水体水质的技术路线,分析了控制技术措施,提出了工程实施应用中的主要难题。