工业噪声对脑认知影响的功率谱估计分析

为明确工业噪声对大脑认知的负面影响,采集火电厂球磨机的工业噪声,征集10名在校大学生在90 dB(A)的稳态工业噪声状态下及安静状态下的32导联脑电图(EEG)。采用傅里叶变换方法进行频域分析,提取δ频段、θ频段、α1频段、α2频段和β频段功率谱,并进行统计分析。结果表明:噪声环境与静音环境相比较,被试在δ频段、θ频段功率谱值明显增加,在α1频段内,噪声状态的功率谱值高于静音状态,在α2频段内正好相反。生产性噪声刺激可导致被试注意力分散,可通过各波段功率谱值或比率参数等评估噪声对认知的影响程度大小。     

仪器法与化学法测定防毒面具滤毒罐苯蒸气防护时间研究*

为研究仪器法和化学法对滤毒罐苯防护时间结果的一致性以及对防护时间判定的影响因素,参照强制性国家标准《呼吸防护 自吸过滤式防毒面具》（GB 2890—2009）,通过选择不同的实验条件,测试4种不同滤毒罐对苯的防护时间,并对实验结果进行显著性差异检验和分析。结果表明:仪器法测定的防护时间小于化学法测定的防护时间;2种检测方法所测定的防护时间结果有显著性差异;测试浓度越高、气流流量越大、采样流量越大,2种方法测定防护时间的绝对差值越小。从防毒面具的安全性和与国外标准一致性考虑,建议采用仪器法判定防护时间。     

Research of the Response of Ecosystem to LUCC in Miyun County,Beijing: Based on Ecosystem Services Valuation

Abstract

Miyun County, located in the northeast of Chinese capital Beijing, was underwent remarkable variations in land use in recent years. This paper aimed to detect changes in land use of Miyun from 1997 to 2005, and to qualify the response of ecosystem to LUCC based on ecosystem services valuation. With two-periods TM images, we got land use change data, and then ecosystem services values were calculated using ecosystem services valuation coefficients proposed by Chinese scholar Xie Gaodi. Results showed that water area, farm land and unused land decreased while residential land, forest land, grassland and orchard land increased during the study period. The loss of ESV was RMB 206 million and the main reason was the decrease of water area and farm land area. As for spatial variation, there were most dramatically land use change and ESV decline in reservoir ecological protection region. The coefficient sensitivity analysis indicates that valuation coefficients used in the study are suitable and results are reasonable. The driving forces of ESV loss were rapid population growth and economic development. More work should be done to make eco-environment stay healthy.     

螯合剂和表面活性剂辅助金福菇修复重金属污染土壤

通过温室大棚盆栽试验,研究螯合剂和表面活性剂单独或复合处理辅助金福菇修复重金属污染土壤的效果.结果表明,单独添加EDTA(乙二胺四乙酸)时,高浓度的EDTA(E2,5 mmol kg-1)使金福菇的生物量比对照降低26%,子实体Pb、Cu和Cd的浓度分别比对照提高15～88倍、0.8～3.3倍和0.5～0.6倍.单独添加表面活性剂时,各处理生物量与对照没有显著差异,且重金属浓度变化幅度没有单独添加EDTA的处理大.低浓度的表面活性剂对金福菇吸收各种重金属的影响较小,而高浓度则影响较大,但与表面活性剂及重金属种类有关.共同添加EDTA和表面活性剂时,只有当EDTA和CTAB(溴化十六烷基三甲铵)共同添加时,EC2(EDTA:CTAB=1:1)和EC3(EDTA:CTAB=2:1)的生物量显著降低,其余处理与对照差异不明显.EC3的子实体Pb和Cu浓度达到所有处理中的最大值,分别为(1 533.61±131.34)、(1 786.11±328.33)mg kg-1.EDTA和SDS(十二烷基磺酸钠)浓度比为2:1(ES3)时,子实体Cd浓度达到最大值,为(50.56±11.55)mg kg-1.此外,还分析了不同处理的重金属总积累量和富集系数.结果显示,在螯合剂和表面活性剂辅助下,金福菇修复复合重金属污染土壤具有很大的潜能.     

Study on low-temperature plasma γ-Al2O3 catalytic viscosity reduction of polyacrylamide solution

The wide use of polyacrylamide (PAM) in enhanced oil recovery generates a large amount of polymer-bearing wastewater featuring high viscosity and difficult viscosity reduction, making the treatment of wastewater increasingly difficult. In this paper, the experimental study on reducing the viscosity of wastewater containing polyacrylamide by using the plasma generated by dielectric barrier discharge (DBD) and the synergistic effect of catalyst γ-Al₂O₃ is carried out. The law of plasma reducing the viscosity of wastewater containing polyacrylamide is studied under the different conditions of amounts of γ-Al₂O₃ catalyst, discharge voltages, and initial concentrations of polyacrylamide-containing wastewater. The mechanism of viscosity reduction of polyacrylamide is studied through environmental scanning electron microscope (ESEM), Fourier transform infrared (FTIR) spectrometer, and X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS). The results show that the catalytic viscosity reduction is the best when the discharge voltage is 18 kV and the discharge time is 15 min. With the increase in the input of the γ-Al₂O₃ catalyst, the viscosity of the PAM solution decreases gradually. When the amount of γ-Al₂O₃ is 375 mg, the shear rate changes from 0.5 1/sec to 28 1/sec, and the viscosity of the solution containing polyacrylamide changes from 434.5 mPa·s to 40.2 mPa·s. The viscosity reduction rate of the PAM solution is 90.7%. After the catalytic viscosity reduction, the functional groups of polyacrylamide do not change much. The elemental composition of the catalyst has not changed, which is still Al, C, and O.

     

深圳市南山区环保局监测数据管理系统

本文介绍了深圳市南山区环保局监测数据管理系统的结构、组成、功能及应用．系统的应用提高了区域环境管理的现代化水平．     

北京市大气和降雨中醛酮化合物的污染研究

2005年6月到2005年8月在北京市区采用2,4-二硝基苯肼HPLC法测定了大气和降水中的醛酮类化合物.结果表明,大气醛酮类化合物中以丙酮的浓度最高,其次是甲醛、乙醛和丙醛,浓度分别是22.14、19.51、17.18、3.85μg·m-3,这4种化合物占大气醛酮总量的84.7%.分析大气中醛酮化合物浓度,结果表明,北京醛酮化合物污染主要来自人为源,并且甲醛、乙醛和丙醛具有相似的源和汇.通过对比晴朗和多云天气条件对醛酮浓度日变化的影响可知,夏季光化学反应是大气中醛酮的重要源.夏季降雨对大气中醛酮化合物浓度影响明显,降雨前后大气中醛酮污染物浓度日变化的对比研究说明,湿沉降是大气中醛酮污染物的重要汇.同时检测出雨水中含11种醛酮化合物,其中甲醛浓度最高为166.3μg·L-1,乙醛浓度为43.63μg·L-1,丙酮浓度为34.33μg·L-1.     

怀4井数字化气氡特征分析

本文介绍了怀4井的地质构造情况和数字化改造情况；分析了气氡与气压的关系：气压由大变小时，气氡值升高，气压由小变大时，气氡表现为下降，得出了气氡、气压的相关系数．0．264；研究了气氡在巴林-阿鲁特右旗5．9级地震前的异常情况：气氡大幅波动，异常持续时间65天，最大异常幅度．27．1％，异常结束12天后发震；最后对怀4井气氡、水氡进行了对比分析：水氧低，气氡也低，水氡高时，气氡没有出现高值，并分析了出现这种状况的原因。     

甘肃省土地荒漠化状况及分析

采用"多因子数量化评价法"荒漠化评价指标体系,以TM卫星影象数据和1∶5万地形图为调查图,通过建立解译标志库,使用Arcview软件判读解译卫星影象数据和现地调查的方法,对甘肃省荒漠化区域内37个县区于2004年进行了第三次荒漠化监测研究;并在对1999年甘肃省第二次荒漠化监测和2004年第三次荒漠化监测的方法和结果对比分析基础上,对荒漠化土地发展趋势进行了分析结果表明,甘肃省荒漠化土地总面积为19347753.7 hm2,其中风蚀土地面积15619416.6 hm2、水蚀土地面积2881997.2 hm2、盐渍化土地面积691383.5 hm2、冻融土地面积154956.4 hm2;监测区域内荒漠化土地总面积较1999年减少232564.35 hm2,年逆转率0.21%;1999～2004年间土地荒漠化有所逆转,荒漠化程度减轻.     

Contribution of isoprene to formaldehyde and ozone formation based on its oxidation products measurement in Beijing,China

The atmospheric mixing ratios of methacrolein (MACR) and methyl vinyl ketone (MVK), the two specific products from isoprene oxidation in the atmosphere, were measured in Beijing from March to November, 2006. Distinct amounts of MACR and MVK were detected during vegetable growing seasons from April to October with ambient levels of 0.11–0.67 ppbv and 0.19–1.36 ppbv, respectively. The reacted isoprene and its ozone formation potentials (OFPs) in Beijing were evaluated in the range of 0.49–3.46 ppbv and 6.4–44.7 ppbv, respectively, from April to October. OFP of the reacted isoprene accounted for 10.6–23.6% of the total OFPs of VOCs (including carbonyls and isoprene) and 6.38–29.9% of the photo-chemically produced ozone. The maximum OFP of the original emitted isoprene prior to its photo-oxidation was calculated as 56.0 ppbv in August. The contribution from the reacted isoprene in Beijing to HCHO formation was also estimated to be in the range of 0.35–2.45 ppbv from April to October, which accounted for 4.6–11.5% of ambient HCHO.