多维灰色评估方法在煤与瓦斯突出预测中的应用

影响煤与瓦斯突出的因素很多,并且其信息多具有灰色性。本文将瓦斯压力、瓦斯放散初速度、煤的坚固性系数、破坏类型以及综合指标K这5个因素综合起来考虑,应用基于灰色系统理论的多维灰色评估方法,对几个典型矿井进行煤与瓦斯突出预测分析,本方法突出了灰色系统理论可以进行定量分析的特点,具有能够动态预测、可靠性高等优点。研究结果表明,该方法能准确预测煤与瓦斯突出,可以为矿井的安全生产提供帮助。     

双酚A及其活性炭催化微波照射降解液对牛血清白蛋白的作用

采用UV-vis光谱和荧光光谱法研究双酚A(BPA)与牛血清白蛋白(BSA)的相互作用.结果显示,BPA的加入能使BSA肽链伸展,导致色氨酸,酪氨酸和苯丙氨酸等残基的芳杂环裸露,紫外光谱表现为明显的增色效应.在三个给定的温度(25℃,37℃和42℃)下,BPA对BSA的荧光猝灭方式均为静态猝灭,结合位点数(n)均为1,作用距离(r)均小于7 nm.BPA与BSA的相互作用是自发进行的,主要为疏水作用.同步荧光光谱表明,BPA对BSA的色氨酸残基微区的影响大于对酪氨酸残基微区的影响.酸度和离子强度的增加促进BPA与BSA的相互作用.另外,通过UV-vis光谱和高效液相色谱(HPLC)研究了活性炭催化微波照射下BPA的降解液对BSA的作用.结果表明,此法可有效地降解BPA,但其降解液仍然对BSA作用.而且即使经过较长时间(5.0 min)微波照射和多次稀释方式处理的BPA降解液仍然对BSA具有一定的作用.     

Abnormal energy metabolism and tau phosphorylation in the brains of middle-aged mice in response to atmospheric PM2.5 exposure

In light of the accelerated aging of the global population and the deterioration of the atmosphere pollution, we sought to clarify the potential mechanisms by which fine particulate matter (PM_2.5) can cause cognitive impairment and neurodegeneration through the alteration of mitochondrial structure and function. The results indicate that PM_2.5 inhalation reduces ATP production by disrupting the aerobic tricarboxylic acid cycle and oxidative phosphorylation, thereby causing the hypophosphorylation of tau in the cortices of middle-aged mice. Furthermore, excessive reactive oxygen species generation was involved in the impairment. Interestingly, these alterations were partially reversed after exposure to PM_2.5 ended. These findings clarify the mechanism involved in mitochondrial abnormality-related neuropathological dysfunction in response to atmospheric PM_2.5 inhalation and provide an optimistic sight for alleviating the adverse health outcomes in polluted areas.     

模拟酸雨对福州平原稻田土壤真菌群落结构及多样性影响

酸雨已成为全球农业、环境和生态领域关注的重要问题之一.为了探讨酸雨对稻田土壤真菌多样性的影响,了解真菌群落结构变化与酸雨胁迫之间的关系.本文以福州平原稻田为试验场所,根据福州市近年来的酸雨成分,配置不同酸度的模拟酸雨,计算出喷淋量,并于水稻秧苗移栽后每隔7 d喷淋一次酸雨,直至水稻收割.当水稻收获时,采集土壤样品分析不同酸度模拟酸雨处理下早、晚稻土壤真菌群落组成及其丰度.结果表明:①模拟酸雨处理改变了稻田土壤真菌的相对丰度、多样性及群落组成,且不同处理中真菌的优势菌属及相对丰度也具有差异;②早稻3个模拟酸雨处理组均使稻田土壤真菌多样性降低,在晚稻生长期,pH=2.5和pH=3.5处理使稻田土壤真菌多样性降低,而pH=4.5处理则使真菌多样性显著升高;③模拟酸雨处理使Paranamyces、刺座霉属(Volutella)、镰刀菌属(Fusarium)的相对丰度显著降低,同时也出现了少量Monographella、Hygrocybe、Acremonium等对照组中不存在的菌属;④早、晚稻pH=4.5处理组与对照组之间真菌的物种多样性及群落结构差异均最大;⑤环境因子能够影响土壤中真菌的相对丰度并改变土壤碳组分,其中,真菌Westerdykella(韦斯特壳属)的相对丰度与稻田土壤电导率(EC)呈显著负相关(p0.01),Psilocybe的相对丰度与稻田土壤微生物量碳(MBC)呈显著正相关(p0.01).     

Plastic materials and water sources actively select and shape wastewater plastispheres over time

● Wastewater MPs exhibited resistomes and therefore health threats. ● High density of alkB gene indicates both HDPE and PET can be utilized by microbes. ● Plastics and waters actively selected and shaped the plastispheres over time. ● A broader phylogenetic spectrum of MHET-degrading microorganisms was annotated. The daily use of plastics presents a serious pollution issue due to their extremely slow degradation. Microplastics and the biofilm that grows on plastics (i.e., the plastisphere) are important subsets of plastic wastes. Many studies have been conducted to reveal the structures of the plastispheres, the driving factors for the formation of the plastisphere, and the ability of the plastispheres to degrade plastics in a variety of water bodies. However, the plastispheres related to wastewater are understudied. In this study, we used a microcosmic strategy to study the evolution of the plastispheres associated with microplastics (MPs) over time in wastewater. We found that plastic materials and water sources did not actively select and shape the plastispheres at an early stage, but the active selection for a unique niche of the plastisphere occurred after 14 d of growth. In addition, we confirmed that the alkB gene was densely present, and metagenomics showed some additional chemical reactions, which suggests that MPs are consumed by the microbes in the plastispheres. Additionally, metagenomics identified some metagenome-assembled genomes (MAGs) associated with high-density polyethylene (HDPE) and polyethylene terephthalate (PET). The identification of HDPE-associated MAGs and PET-associated MAGs further supports the notion that the selection for a unique niche of the plastisphere is driven by plastic materials and water sources (in this study, after 14 d of growth). Our discoveries bring new views on the behavior of the wastewater-associated plastisphere, especially how long it takes a wastewater plastisphere to form.     

中国典型滨海湿地转变为养殖塘对土壤细菌多样性及群落结构的影响

以我国黄河口碱蓬湿地、九龙江口桐花树湿地、东寨港木榄湿地为研究样地,借助高通量测序技术探究这3个典型滨海湿地转变为养殖塘前、后土壤细菌多样性及群落结构的变化.结果表明：①天然湿地转变为养殖塘后,土壤细菌群落多样性与丰富度均有所下降;②天然湿地转变为养殖塘未显著改变细菌门水平群落组成,湿地优势细菌门主要为变形菌门（Proteobacteria）、绿弯菌门（Chloroflexi）、拟杆菌门（Bacteroidetes）、酸杆菌门（Acidobacteria）、厚壁菌门（Firmicutes）;③天然湿地转变为养殖塘改变了土壤优势细菌属,九龙江口和东寨港湿地转变后,寡养单胞菌属（Stenotrophomonas）相对丰度均有所升高,东寨港湿地转变后土壤中假单胞菌属（Pseudomonas）相对丰度也有所增加,并新增了气单胞菌属（Aeromonas）;4环境因子对湿地土壤细菌相对丰度有显著影响,寡养单胞菌属（Stenotrophomonas）与含水量呈显著负相关（p<0.05）,与容重和pH呈显著正相关（p<0.01）;Sulfurimonas、Woeseia等细菌属与土壤容重呈显著负相关（p<0.01）.由此可见,湿地围垦养殖对土壤微环境产生了较大影响,养殖户在进行养殖作业时需格外注重生态环境的健康与可持续发展.     

辽宁省畜禽养殖业抗生素排放特征及减排路径分析

抗生素作为新兴环境污染物,已成为国内外研究的热点问题.以磺胺类和四环素类抗生素为研究对象,运用物质流分析方法,对辽宁省畜禽养殖业抗生素的排放特征进行系统分析,并通过情景分析法对各减排路径进行了比较分析.结果表明：2017年辽宁省畜禽养殖业两类抗生素的消耗总量为712 t,排放总量为280 t;排泄物中的抗生素有39.34%进入养殖废水,60.66%进入养殖粪便,废水和粪便中抗生素的去除率分别为7.50%和8.15%;从排放去向看,土壤环境抗生素的负荷量明显高于水环境;2000—2014年,辽宁省畜禽养殖业抗生素排放总量呈逐年增加趋势,2015年略有下降,2017年出现明显下降,抗生素排放量主要受养殖数量影响;饲料"禁抗"情景可使抗生素排放量削减18.02%,改善废物资源化利用情景和加强废物末端治理情景抗生素排放量可分别削减13.05%和25.29%,全过程优化情景抗生素排放量可削减46.99%.     

考虑支座转角的地基不均匀沉降基础隔震结构地震响应分析∗

地基不均匀沉降可能会引起沉降范围内部分隔震支座发生转动,造成隔震层刚度发生变化,进而导致上部结构地震损伤和失效风险增大。针对地基不均匀沉降条件下基础隔震结构地震响应研究,现有成果大都通过施加平动位移进行模拟,并未考虑隔震支座转角的不利影响。为了研究地基不均匀沉降条件下基础隔震结构支座可能出现的转动及其对整体结构地震响应特征影响规律,首先以隔震支座为对象,研究了支座转动变形与叠层橡胶隔震支座水平刚度变化关系,建立了叠层橡胶隔震支座转角与水平刚度变化关系函数;在此基础上系统研究了地基不均匀沉降条件下整体基础隔震结构响应特征,以及基础结构的减震系数变化规律,以期揭示地基不均匀沉降对基础隔震结构地震响应影响机理。结果表明：隔震支座转角变形会引起隔震结构体系地震响应发生显著变化,随着隔震支座转角增大,隔震层水平刚度增大的同时隔震结构体系变形能力减弱,进而造成上部结构加速度响应增大,位移响应减小,导致基础隔震结构水平减震系数增大,减震效果低于预期;当转角接近π/2 时,隔震支座将丧失降低上部结构地震响应的作用,原隔震结构将退化为抗震结构;对于存在地基不均匀沉降的基础隔震结构,应及时采取必要措施控制地震响应,以防范上部结构发生倾覆。     

Effects of anthropogenic landscapes on population maintenance of waterbirds

Anthropogenic impacts have reduced natural areas but increased the area of anthropogenic landscapes. There is debate about whether anthropogenic landscapes (e.g., farmlands, orchards, and fish ponds) provide alternatives to natural habitat and under what circumstances. We considered whether anthropogenic landscapes can mitigate population declines for waterbirds. We collected data on population trends and biological traits of 1203 populations of 579 species across the planet. Using Bayesian generalized linear mixed models, we tested whether the ability of a species to use an anthropogenic landscape can predict population trends of waterbird globally and of species of conservation concern. Anthropogenic landscapes benefited population maintenance of common but not less-common species. Conversely, the use of anthropogenic landscapes was associated with population declines for threatened species. Our findings delineate some limitations to the ability of anthropogenic landscapes to mitigate population declines, suggesting that the maintenance of global waterbird populations depends on protecting remaining natural areas and improving the habitat quality in anthropogenic landscapes. Article impact statement: Protecting natural areas and improving the quality of anthropogenic landscapes as habitat are both needed to achieve effective conservation.     

Urinary heavy metals in residents from a typical city in South China: human exposure and health risks

Environmental Science and Pollution Research - Although heavy metal pollution has developed into a major global environmental problem, most research has focused on specific elements, especially...