生物质炭及老化过程对土壤吸附吡虫啉的影响

通过批处理恒温振荡法,系统考察了土壤类型(熟化红壤、新垦红壤)、生物质炭种类(竹炭、稻草炭)、生物质炭用量(0、0.1%和0.5%,质量分数)及老化过程(恒湿30 d)对土壤吸附吡虫啉的影响.Freundlich曲线描述的研究结果表明,有机质含量高的熟化红壤对吡虫啉的吸附能力强于有机质含量低的新垦红壤.生物质炭的添加能增强土壤对吡虫啉的吸附能力,且吸附能力随生物质炭施用量的增加而显著提高.添加等量生物质炭,新垦红壤吸附吡虫啉能力的增强效果强于熟化红壤;在同种土壤中添加不同种类的等量生物质炭,新垦红壤添加稻草炭后吸附能力更强,熟化红壤添加竹炭后吸附能力更强.恒湿老化后的处理对吡虫啉的吸附能力与新鲜处理相比明显降低,且添加竹炭的处理比稻草炭处理受老化过程影响更大.     

微波辅助均相催化氧化处理吡虫啉农药废水

对微波辅助均相催化氧化处理吡虫啉农药废水进行了研究,通过考察H2O2投加量、均相催化剂Fe2＋浓度、微波辐照时间及功率、废水温度、废水pH值等因素对该农药废水COD处理效果的影响,获得了最佳工艺条件：即100ml初始COD浓度为268mg／L的农药废水,H202投加量为26．52g/L,均相催化剂Fe2＋浓度为109．8mg／L,在微波功率119W,辐射时间为4min,pH为6的条件下,COD去除率可达78．51％。     

2种新烟碱类杀虫剂对秀丽隐杆线虫神经毒性研究

新烟碱类(neonicotinoids)是一种类似于烟碱的内吸性杀虫剂,选择性作用于昆虫的中枢神经系统。目前,有关新烟碱类杀虫剂对非靶标生物的生态风险引发了全球的广泛关注。本文采用土壤生物秀丽隐杆线虫(Caenorhabditis elegans)作为受试生物,探究2种新烟碱类杀虫剂吡虫啉(imidacloprid)和呋虫胺(dinotefuran) 24 h暴露(1μg·L~(-1)～10 mg·L~(-1))后,对秀丽线虫运动行为、摄食行为以及乙酰胆碱酶(ACh E)活性和相关基因(ace,mtl)转录水平的影响。结果表明,2种新烟碱类杀虫剂均对秀丽线虫的生理指标具有随着浓度增加而抑制的效应,其中头部摆动是最为敏感的生理指标,10μg·L~(-1)吡虫啉暴露水平和100μg·L~(-1)呋虫胺暴露水平时,线虫头摆频率相较于对照组有显著减少(P 0.01),其次是身体弯曲摄食AChE活性(吡虫啉)和摄食AChE活性身体弯曲(呋虫胺),相关基因转录水平没有发现与浓度具有相关的效应,但在环境浓度下的暴露有明显的变化。新烟碱类杀虫剂对秀丽线虫的神经毒性作用表明了其对土壤中非靶标生物具有一定的生态风险。     

The role of thymoquinone as antioxidant protection on oxidative stress induced by imidacloprid in male and female Swiss albino mice

The aim of the present study was to evaluate the possible protective effects of thymoquinone (TQ), an antioxidant agent, against imidacloprid (IMI)-induced oxidative stress in male and female mice. In total, 48 Swiss Albino male and female mice were fed a standard rodent diet and divided into 3 equal groups: the animals in the control group (vehicle treated) were given corn oil, the second group were orally administered 15 mg/kg/day IMI alone, and the third group were orally administered 15 mg/kg/day IMI and with TQ at 10 mg/kg/day for 21 days. During the experimental period, there were no significant changes between initial body weights and final body weights of IMI treated male and female mice. IMI produced significant increase in blood, liver, kidney, and heart malondialdehyde (MDA) levels and decrease in blood and liver glutathione (GSH) levels. In addition, IMI treatment decreased erythrocyte, liver, and kidney superoxide dismutase (SOD) activity in male mice and decreased erythrocyte and liver SOD activity in female mice. Erythrocyte catalase (CAT) activities were found to be low in male and female mice. However, treatment with TQ reversed IMI-induced oxidative stress, lipid peroxidation, and activities of antioxidant enzymes. Moreover, TQ exhibited protective action against the IMI-induced histopathological changes in tissues of male and female mice. In conclusion, TQ was found to be effective in protecting mice against IMI-induced oxidative stress by enhancing antioxidant defense mechanisms.     

吡虫啉及代谢产物对土壤过氧化氢酶活性的影响

通过模拟试验研究了新农药吡虫啉及其代谢产物对土壤过氧化氢酶活性的影响结果表明,吡虫啉浓度不同对土壤过氧化氢酶活性影响也不同,浓度越高影响越强烈．在吡虫啉浓度为1,10,40μg/g时其影响过程是“先抑制－再恢复和激活－最后恢复稳定”,而在高浓度（150μg/g）吡虫啉作用下只经“激活恢复稳定”两个阶段．另外,吡虫啉的代谢产物（水解和光解产物）对土壤过氧化氢酶活性的影响均小于吡虫啉亲体,而且光照时间越长,对土壤过氧化氢酶活性的影响越小,即吡虫啉降解后会减弱对供试土壤填生态环境的影响.