Applications of the industrial ecology concept in a research project: Technology and Climate Change (CLIMTECH) Research in Finland

This contribution to the Journal of Cleaner Production special issue ‘Applications of Industrial Ecology’ is based upon an extensive literature review, which produced four criteria to characterise research on the concept of industrial ecology (IE). The criteria are (1) material and energy flows, (2) systems improvement, (3) systems adaptation and (4) change management. The criteria were analysed against the six subject areas of the Technology and Climate Change (CLIMTECH) Research Programme in Finland to identify the applications of the concept of industrial ecology. The results of the analysis contribute (a) to the debate on the characteristics of the emerging concept of IE, (b) show IE characteristics of a large Finnish research project in the field of climate change mitigation and (c) invite scholars in the field to study the observed unclear and fuzzy role of the concept of IE in practical research project work. Responses to this article are encouraged for publication in the future issues of Journal of Cleaner Production.     

近郊丘陵谷地高效农业综合开发研究

在剖析近郊丘陵谷地资源优势及利用问题的基础上，应用生态学和系统论原理及方法，以市场为导向，进行谷地资源的多目标线性规划，通过对区域系统物质循环、能量转化及经济效益的分析，提出“以鱼鸭结合为龙头，稳定果园面积，发展高效种植业”的总体规划方案，采取低产幼龄果园改良、名特优苗木繁育、池塘高产养殖和建立高效种植制度等技术措施，对谷地资源实行立体动态综合开发，建立较稳定的近郊丘陵谷地人工农业生态系统，取得显著的经济、社会和生态效益。     

Importance of set-aside for breeding birds of open farmland in Finland

The set-aside obligation under the Common Agricultural Policy (CAP) brought widespread benefits for wild farmland species. Shortly after it was abolished in 2008, the national political process in Finland replaced it with a targeted agri-environment scheme for environmental fallow. Though potentially highly valuable, the value of the current scheme for securing biodiversity is yet to be confirmed. This study evaluates the importance of set-asides established under CAP to all birds of open farmland based on national monitoring data from 2001 to 2006. The set-aside fields supported 25-40% more species and held 60-105% more pairs of birds typical of open farmland in comparison with cereal fields within a similar landscape setting. The estimated effect of set-aside presence in farmland on the studied bird species is large enough to trigger considerable changes in bird populations on the national scale. The relevance of the results to the novel agri-environment scheme is discussed.     

区域环境规划及实例分析

区域环境规划是现代区域生态经济规划的新发展。区域环境规划对于解决发展经济和保护环境之间的矛盾,达到促进经济发展,改善环境质量的目的是十分重要的。本文介绍了区域环境规划的基础性内容,然后以河南省安阳市的生态与环境保护规划为例探讨了区域环境规划中的城市环境规划。     

杭州经济技术开发区第一次全国污染源普查工作的思考与经验

笔者根据自身全面参与杭州经济技术开发区第一全国污染源普查的各项工作,结合污染源普查中清查和普查阶段中开发区存在的困难及特色,总结了几点想法与经验。     

规划环评与区域环评的比较研究——以镇江新区姚桥镇工业集中区为例

针对工业集中区的属性,比较了规划环评与区域环评的共同点与差异性.以镇江新区姚桥镇工业集中区规划环评为例,提出了工业集中区规划环评的技术方法,即以《规划环境影响评价技术导则》为主导,参考《开发区区域环境影响评价技术导则》,在污染源强和环境影响预测方面进行定量评估,在清洁生产及环境准入门槛设置方面加以约束,在环境保护基础设施建设方面予以刚性要求.该文提出的工业集中区规划环评的技术方法可为同类区域规划环评提供借鉴.     

硫化物沉淀法处理含EDTA的重金属废水

在运用MINTEQA2模型对模拟重金属废水和EDTA萃取液中重金属离子形态进行分析的基础上,选用Na₂S沉淀法处理含EDTA的重金属废水. 结果表明:没有含EDTA的重金属废水,Cd2＋,Cu2＋,Pb2＋和Zn2＋是重金属离子的主要形态;而在含EDTA的模拟重金属废水和重金属萃取液中,重金属络合物是重金属离子的主要形态. 在c(EDTA)为0的条件下,Cd2＋,Cu2＋和Pb2＋的去除率达到100%,而Zn2＋的去除率仅为57.0%;随着c(EDTA)的增加,相同c(Na₂S)对废水中重金属的去除率逐渐下降. 在一定c(EDTA)的条件下,废水中重金属的去除率随着c(Na₂S)的增加而增加;但是在相同c(Na₂S)的条件下,Zn2＋的去除率较Cd2＋,Cu2＋和Pb2＋低. 工程实例进一步表明,Na₂S能够有效去除含EDTA重金属萃取液中的重金属离子,而完全去除Zn2＋则需要高浓度的Na₂S.      

德尔斐法在省(区)环境规划战略对策研究中的应用及其结果分析

为科学编制省(区)环境保护整治规划,采用德尔斐法,组织近百名专家和环境管理干部,就甘肃省(和全国)今后五年、十年和三十年间的环境问题、宏观国土环境问题构成因素的相对权重、环保工作的战略重点、环境污染控制途径的可行性和有效性权重、环境规划战略对策和措施的相对重要度、环保投资比例和投资方向等11类问题,进行集合评估和预测,历时一年多,分两轮次,获得基础数据二万多个,经数理统计和计算机辅助判断处理,得到一系列概率分布状态的主要结论,为甘肃省环保规划战略对策的决策过程提供了科学依据。     

黄河兰州段水污染物规划环境容量和排污总量控制研究

黄河甘肃河段,按水域功能划分为水源保护区、准水源保护区和综合功能区三个串联的功能河段。本研究提出各河段水环境规划容量新概念和排污总量控制方案。河段环境容量的计算,是以有机污染指标COD为例,在美国“PDM-PC模型”的基础上,简化边界条件后,重新推导建立了近似解析求解数学表达式。所得环境容量和规划环境容量都是在不同目标和不同达标概率的随机条件下连续的风险环境容量系列值,为总量控制和环境决策提供了更多的选择余地。     

Theorizing distributive justice and the practice of post-disaster housing recovery

This paper examines the implications of contemporary conceptions of distributive justice for post-disaster recovery programmes. The question asked in this paper is essentially theoretical: what does a concern with distributive justice entail when developing and evaluating post-disaster recovery programmes? Housing recovery programmes are employed to provide a contextual grounding for the discussion. We present a review of the disaster recovery literature and recent programmes of post-disaster housing recovery to map the ways in which distributive justice have been theorized, interpreted, debated and put into practice. We reflect on what different principles of distributive justice imply for post-disaster recovery programmes in terms of their impact on opportunities for individuals and communities to recover from disasters, and also on their realizing possibilities of advancing justice in the post-disaster society. The paper concludes by outlining a number of dimensions of a pluralist account of distributive justice. Using these dimensions and taking into account tensions within and between them, we attempt to offer a framework for reflecting on and assessing distributive arrangements of disaster recovery programmes.