大伙房水库植被组成、区系分布及对生态环境保护的意义

为了摸清大伙房水库保护区植被组成情况,为生态保护、恢复和建设提供科学、合理的植被恢复经营模式支撑,以2011年野外调查数据为基础,对辽宁省大伙房水库水源保护区植物组成及区系分布进行了初步分析。结果表明:大伙房水库水源保护区共有植物228种,隶属于66科168属。其中草本植物比例较高,为78.51%。单种科和少种科较多,共占总科数的93.94%;单种属比例占总属数的57.89%;科级区系组成以北温带分布和泛热带分布为主。     

上海某饮用水源地不同形态氮的时空分布研究

在2010~2012年进行的上海某水源地水质监测资料的基础上,应用纳氏试剂分光光度法等分析方法研究该水源地2011年1~10月总氮、氨氮、硝酸盐氮、亚硝酸盐氮等不同形态的氮素在水体中的空间分布规律及时间变化规律。并就其氮的来源、迁移转化机理和对氮的迁移转化有较大影响的因素进行研究和分析,得出该水库水体中各种形态氮以硝酸盐氮为主,平均占总氮的71.6%,氨氮及亚硝酸盐氮各占总氮的4.39%及0.95%;水体中的温度、光照条件、溶解氧、点位位置分布、水深等是影响各氮形态含量与分布的重要环境因子。     

南京市氮氧化物排放行业分布特征及减排对策

采用污染源普查资料与实地调查相结合的方法,对南京市各行业氮氧化物(NOx)排放源及排放量进行调查和梳理。结果表明:各行业NO x排放分担率依次为电力41%、机动车25%、钢铁10%、水泥9%、石化7%、其它工业5%、居民生活3%。针对南京市现状,对重点排放源提出了NO x减排措施与对策。     

东海典型断面Chl a分布特征及影响因素

根据2011年5月~2012年2月春、夏、秋、冬4个航次东海海域的调查资料,分析了东海典型断面Chl a的分布特征、季节变化及其影响因素。结果表明:(1)东海海域Chl a的平面分布呈现出由近岸向远海递减的趋势,高值区相对集中在西部近岸海域,低浓度区域分布在东部较为开阔的远海海域。水动力条件、陆源径流的输入以及气候变化等因素是形成这种分布格局的主要原因。(2)Chl a的垂直分布受季节影响较大,春、夏两季变化幅度较秋、冬季大。(3)在季节变化上呈春季夏季秋季冬季的规律。(4)相关性分析表明,调查海域Chl a与水温的关系在夏季较为显著;与盐度的相关性趋势并不明显,与DO则在春季有着良好的相关性;与营养盐在春季呈显著正相关,说明营养盐是影响Chl a分布的主导因子。     

古夫河上覆水和表层沉积物中总氮和总磷空间分布特征及其相关性

对古夫河干流17个采样点的上覆水和表层沉积物中总氮和总磷含量进行调查,利用多元统计方法对数据进行分析,研究了上覆水和表层沉积物中总氮和总磷含量的空间分布特征及其相关性。结果表明:古夫河上覆水中总氮含量年均值总体上从GF01~GF12样点递减,在GF13~GF18样点增加,部分样点略有波动;上覆水中总磷含量在GF01~GF09样点变化不显著,在GF10~GF18样点分布差异较大;表层沉积物中总氮含量从GF01~GF05样点呈现先增加后减少的趋势,下游无明显的变化规律;表层沉积物中总磷含量无明显的变化规律;总体上古夫河上游古夫—神农架河段上覆水中总氮含量与表层沉积物中总氮含量无相关性,而在下游古夫—库湾河段(GF14~GF18),上覆水中总氮含量与表层沉积物中总氮含量成显著正相关;古夫河上覆水中总磷含量与表层沉积物中总磷含量无相关性。     

佛山高明河水环境多环芳烃的分布特征与通量研究

利用液液萃取法和气相色谱-质谱方法对佛山境内高明河水环境多环芳烃（PAHs）进行了测定,并对PAHs的分布特征与通量进行了初步研究.结果表明高明河水环境中16种优控PAHs的浓度范围在41.6～375.6 ng/l之间,从上游到下游总体呈递增的趋势,其下游浓度偏高可能与荷城街道较为密集的工业和人口分布有关.高明河水环境PAHs的总含量高于欧美一些低污染水域,但低于国内一些主要河流.高明河PAHs年通量约为333.8 kg.     

贵阳市大气颗粒物(PM2.5)污染特征及气象参数的影响

运用连续颗粒物采样仪(URG Model 2000-01J)对贵阳市城区大气颗粒物PM2.5进行了连续3个月(9~11月)的采集与分析,探讨了PM2.5的浓度分布特征、气象条件的影响。结果显示,贵阳市大气颗粒物PM2.5的平均质量浓度为53±27μg/m3,变化范围为3.7~186μg/m3;初步推断大气颗粒物PM2.5的污染来源主要是燃料燃烧、生物质燃烧、汽车尾气等人为源;相对湿度、风速、风向、温度等气象条件是影响大气颗粒物浓度及分布的重要因素。     

基于MODIS数据的若尔盖草场植被覆盖时空变化分析

一般意义上将反映植被生长状态及植被覆盖度的指示因子称为归一化植被指数(即NDVI),它也是判断基于生物气候特征开展大区域植被和土地覆盖分类的基本手段。利用NDVI的时序数据的进行土地覆盖分类,即提取NDVI时间信号所包含的植被生物学参数,构建起一个包含植被生物学信息的分类特征空间。     

Quantitative method to determine the regional drinking water odorant regulation goals based on odor sensitivity distribution：Illustrated using 2-MIB

Taste and odor （T/O） in drinking water often cause consumer complaints and are thus regulated in many countries. However, people in different regions may exhibit different sensitivities toward WO. This study proposed a method to determine the regional drinking water odorant regulation goals （ORGs） based on the odor sensitivity distribution of the local population. The distribution of odor sensitivity to 2-methylisobomeol （2-MIB） by the local population in Beijing, China was revealed by using a normal distribution function/model to describe the odor complaint response to a 2-MIB episode in 2005, and a 2-MIB concentration of 12.9 ng/L and FPA （flavor profile analysis） intensity of 2.5 was found to be the critical point to cause odor complaints. Thus the Beijing ORG for 2-MIB was determined to be 12.9 ng/L. Based on the assumption that the local FPA panel can represent the local population in terms of sensitivity to odor, and that the critical FPA intensity causing odor complaints was 2.5, this study tried to determine the ORGs for seven other cities of China by performing FPA tests using an FPA panel from the corresponding city. ORG values between 12.9 and 31.6 ng/L were determined, showing that a unified ORG may not be suitable for drinking water odor regulations. This study presents a novel approach for setting drinking water odor regulations.     

Fouling distribution in forward osmosis membrane process

Fouling behavior along the length of membrane module was systematically investigated by performing simple modeling and lab-scale experiments of forward osmosis （FO） membrane process. The flux distribution model developed in this study showed a good agreement with experimental results, validating the robustness of the model. This model demonstrated, as expected, that the permeate flux decreased along the membrane channel due to decreasing osmotic pressure differential across the FO membrane. A series of fouling experiments were conducted under the draw and feed solutions at various recoveries simulated by the model. The simulated fouling experiments revealed that higher organic （alginate） fouling and thus more flux decline were observed at the last section of a membrane channel, as foulants in feed solution became more concentrated. Furthermore, the water flux in FO process declined more severely as the recovery increased due to more foulants transported to membrane surface with elevated solute concentrations at higher recovery, which created favorable solution environments for organic adsorption. The fouling reversibility also decreased at the last section of the membrane channel, suggesting that fouling distribution on FO membrane along the module should be carefully examined to improve overall cleaning efficiency. Lastly, it was found that such fouling distribution observed with co-current flow operation became less pronounced in counter- current flow operation of FO membrane process.