Removal of high concentrated ammonia nitrogen from landfill leachate by landfilled waste layer

The landfill of municipal solid waste(MSW) could be regarded as denitrification reactor and involved in ammonia nitrogen biological removal process. In this research, the process was applied to municipal solid waste collected in Shanghai, China, which was characterized by high food waste content. The NH4^ removal efficiency in the system of SBR nitrifying reactor followed by fresh and matured landfilled waste layer in series was studied. In the nitrifying reactor, above 90% of NH4^ in leachate was oxidized to NO2^- and NO3^- . Then high concentrated NO2^- and NO3^- were removed in the way of denitrification process in fresh landfilled waste layer. At the same time, degradation of fresh landfilled waste was accelerated. Up to the day 120, 136.5 gC/(kg dry waste) and 17.9 gN/(kg dry waste) were converted from waste layer. It accounted for 50.15 % and 86.89 % of the total carbon and nitrogen content of preliminary fresh waste, which was 4.42 times and 5.17 times higher than that of reference column respectively. After filtering through matured landfilled waste, BOD5 concentration in leachate dropped to below 100 mg/L, which would not affect following nitrification adversely. Because the matured landfilled waste acted as a well methanogenic reactor, 23% of carbon produced accumulatively from fresh landfilled waste degradation was converted into CH4.     

Observation of atmospheric nitrous acid with DOAS in Beijing, China

Measurements of nitrous acid （HONO） and nitrogen dioxide （NO2） in Beijing City have been performed by means of a developed differential optical absorption spectroscopy （DOAS） system based on photodiode array （PDA）, during the autumn of 2004. HONO and NO2 were simultaneously identified by their characteristic absorption bands in the spectral region between 337 nm and 372 nm with high sensibility and time resolution. The concentrations of HONO exhibit obviously diurnal variation with a nocturnal maximum and a daytime minimum. The highest HONO value up to 11.8 μg/m^3 was observed during the night of 2/3 September. Possible sources of the observed HONO were discussed. Good correlation to NO2 indicates that NO2 is a main source component. The measurement also shows direct emission of HONO is an imnortant source in strongly polluted urban area.     

电子束辐照工业烟气脱硫脱氮：治理大气污染的新技术

随着社会的进步和工业的发展,人类对煤、石油、天然气等矿物燃料的使用量不断增加,排放到大气中的硫氧化物和氮氧化物也大大增加,从而严重污染大气。消除大气污染的直接途径是,使用矿物很多、污染很严     

循序间歇式生物脱氮除磷工艺

本文报道了循序间歇式生物脱氮除磷工艺在不同工况下的处理效果,分析了此工艺去除有机物和脱氮除磷的特点。     

层控矿床中还原态硫的形成机制

层控矿床中形成金属硫化物的还原态硫来自下列作用过程：①在沉积物理藏不深、温度小于90℃的条件下，细菌可将海水流好盐还原；②分散在沉积物中的有机质在热成熟过程中可释放出H2S;③硫酸盐在较高温度（＞100℃）的地下深处通过化学反应可形成非生物H2S。上述三种方式形成的还原态硫具有不同的同位素特征。     

废水反硝化除氮

反硝化是ＮＯ３＾－在反硝化细菌作用下，经ＮＯ２＾－、ＮＯ、Ｎ２Ｏ被还原为Ｎ２。反硝化对ＮＯ３＾－及有机基质呈零级动力学反应。文章还介绍了生物反硝化的生化反应，反硝化细菌以及基质、温度、溶解氧、ＰＨ对反硝化作用的影响。     

A/O和A2/O法除磷脱氮工艺影响因素及除磷动力学的研究

重点介绍A/O除磷工艺和A~2/O除磷脱氮工艺,以及影响除磷脱氮工艺因素和除磷动力学的研究。工艺研究采用了动态与静态实验方法,采用色质联机研究了有毒有机物的降解情况。试验结果表明,A/O、A~2/O工艺的BOD_5去除率近于二级污水处理厂,A~2/O法TP去除率近于三级污水处理厂,且去除难降解有毒有机物的效率高于传统的活性污泥法。动力学公式的修正使之更适于低碳源的情况。八种影响因素的研究为工艺的设计与运行提供了依据。     

不同水深条件下芦苇湿地对氮磷的去除研究

研究了两种水深条件(2cm浅水位和15cm深水位)下芦苇湿地对模拟太湖水中氮磷的净化能力。结果表明,芦苇的存在明显地促进湿地脱氮除磷能力的发挥。湿地内反硝化过程为主要脱氮途径。芦苇对湿地反硝化过程的促进作用主要是通过提供有机碳源实现的。在相同进水水质和停留时间为24h的运行条件下,浅水位芦苇湿地与深水位芦苇湿地相比对氮磷的去除率更高,但后者对氮磷的去除速度更快。     

骆马湖的氮磷平衡及实施截污工程对水质改善效果的研究

骆马湖“九五”期间的氮磷平衡分析结果表明：氮磷在骆马湖湖体中的滞留量分别为1188.89t/a和193.36t/a。根据骆马湖的水质要求，在骆马湖截污工程完成后，没有新的污染进入水体的前提下，对骆马湖水体通过自然净化恢复到要求状态所需的时间进行了详细的数学推导和科学论证，结果表明，在不考虑底泥营养物质的情况下，只需0.19年左右的时间就能恢复，如果考虑底泥的影响。也只需0.59年左右的时间就能恢复，因此得出结论：对骆马湖实施截污是加速骆马湖水体改善的最佳途径。     

复合式生物膜-活性污泥反应器的应用

复合式生物膜-活性污泥反应器综合了活性污泥法和生物膜法污水处理技术的优点,是一种高效的污水处理系统,目前在国内外已有较多的研究和应用。本文简单介绍其优点及研究应用状况。