2株好氧反硝化菌的筛选及其强化贫营养生物膜脱氮效果

经富集培养、BTB培养基初筛与反硝化能力测定,从城市污水处理厂活性污泥中筛选得到2株好氧反硝化细菌.通过16S rDNA同源性分析对2株菌进行鉴定;并将这2菌株接种到贫营养生物膜体系中以探究它们对系统总氮的去除能力的强化.结果表明,这2株菌分别属于Pseudomonas aeruginosa和Pseudomonas putida,2株好氧反硝化菌单独存在时,对模拟废水的TN去除率分别达78%和82%;2株细菌强化后的生物膜系统对TN去除率达68%和64%,较非强化对照系统分别提高47%和43%,且NH4+-N去除率均接近100%.说明这2株好氧反硝化细菌具有较强的反硝化能力,并能够有效强化生物膜在贫营养条件下的反硝化能力,并且不会抑制生物膜硝化能力,可实现生物膜系统同步硝化反硝化.     

太湖蓝藻水华预警监测技术体系的探讨

太湖蓝藻水华已经成为一个社会和政府共同关注的环境问题.为确保太湖地区饮水安全,提高政府应对蓝藻水华的能力,对太湖水源地蓝藻进行预警监测是判断蓝藻水华发展趋势以及制定相应的对策的重要手段.文章分析了蓝藻水华暴发的过程和蓝藻水华的监测技术,结合政府部门的实际,提出了太湖引用水源地蓝藻水华预警监测体系,对整个太湖地区乃至全国富营养化水体的水质预警具有重要的参考价值.     

树獭——世界上最懒的动物

人们往往把行动缓慢比喻成乌龟爬,其实树獭比乌龟爬得还要慢。树獭生活在南美洲茂密的热带森林中,一生不见阳光,从不下树,以树叶、嫩芽和果实为食,吃饱了就倒吊在树枝上睡懒觉,可以说     

高炉喷吹用潞安贫瘦煤爆炸下限与返回火焰长度的试验研究

该试验通过测定爆炸下限与返回火焰长度这两个参数来确定4种煤粉的爆炸性。爆炸下限指能使喷入一定装置中的粉尘云点燃并维持火焰传播的最小粉尘浓度,是确定粉尘爆炸性重要参数,试验室通常使用20L的爆炸装置进行测定。喷吹现场广泛采用长管式煤粉爆炸性测试仪检测煤尘引燃后产生的返回火焰长度,该长度随煤粉爆炸性的强弱而显著变化:返回火焰长度大于600 mm可认定该煤粉具有强爆炸性;在400~600 mm之间则煤粉具有中强度爆炸性;小于400 mm则煤粉具有弱爆炸性。结果表明:20 L球测得4种煤粉的爆炸下限在60~85 g/m3之间;长管式煤粉爆炸性测定仪测得4种煤粉的返回火焰长度在20~50 mm之间。由测定的返回火焰长度可知,试验所用的4种煤样均属于弱爆炸性煤种。     

贫营养湖水环境承载力及对策研究--以抚仙湖为例

以云南省九大高原湖泊中贫营养湖典型代表-抚仙湖为例,以广义的水环境承载力理论为指导,基于前人EFDC模型计算的抚仙湖水环境容量,通过构建抚仙湖水环境承载力评价指标体系,采用层次分析法与聚类分析法结合的复合模型进行水环境承载力定量评价,揭示目前抚仙湖水环境承载力状况,通过评价分析识别主要影响因子,提出优化抚仙湖水环境承载力的对策建议。     

A vertically integrated eutrophication model and its application to a river-style reservoir-Fuchunjiang,China

Based on a 2-D hydrodynamic model, a vertically integrated eutrophication model was developed. The physical sub-model can be used for calculation of water density at different depths and the water quality sub-model was for calculation of algal growth. Suspended solids were divided into two types of sediment which named cohesive and non-cohesive sediments and simulated using separate methods. The light extinction coefficient used in the underwater light regime sub-model was linearly related to the sum of sediment and phytoplankton biomass. Some components less important to the model were simplified to improve practicability and calculation efficiency. Using field data from Fuchunjiang Reservoir, we calculated the sensitivity of ecological parameters included in this model and validated the model. The results of sensitivity analysis showed that the parameters strongly influenced the phytoplankton biomass including phytoplankton maximum growth rate, respiration rate, non-predatory mortality rate, and settling rate, zooplankton maximum filtration rate, specific extinction coefficient for suspended solids and sediment oxygen demand rate. The model was calibrated by adjusting these parameters. Total chlorophyll a (chl-a) concentrations at different layers in the water column were reproduced very well by the model simulations. The simulated chl-a values were positively correlated to the measured values with Pearson correlation coefficient of 0.92. The mean difference between measured and simulated chl-a concentrations was 12% of the measured chl-a concentration. Measured and simulated DO concentrations were also positively correlated (r=0.74) and the mean difference was 4% of measured DO concentrations. The successful validation of model indicated that it would be very useful in water quality management and algal bloom prediction in Fuchunjiang Reservoir and a good tool for water quality regularation in other river-style reservoirs.     

唯特净生物菌剂在快速提升污泥浓度上的应用

本文介绍了唯特净生物菌剂在延庆污水处理厂试运行中,解决了在贫营养状态下污泥浓度和污泥沉降比提升缓慢的难题。     

大亚湾核电站热排水对底层海水贫氧现象影响的预测

大亚湾位于珠江口东侧,面积约600km~2,是一个山地溺谷型港湾,自然生物丰富。1982—1986年,我们对大亚湾的水化环境进行了多航次的综合调查(调查站位见图1)。著名的大亚湾核电站选址大亚湾的西侧,目前已经开始动工。本文着重讨论核电站热水排放对这一自然生态环境特征的影响。     

晋阳湖水质的营养特征及变化趋势分析

本文讨论了晋阳湖水体中营养化指标的污染状况、来源及变化趋势，并对音阳湖水质富营养化程度作出评价。     

海水富营养化水平评价方法浅析

本文综述了近海海水富营养化的各种评价方法，分析了它们的优缺点并筛选出到目前为止最适合海水富营养化客观实际的评价模式。