四明湖水库浮游植物功能类群的季节演替及其影响因子

浮游植物群落变化既受到环境因子单独作用的影响,也受到各因子之间交互作用的影响.为探究浮游植物群落结构的季节演替规律,对四明湖水库浮游植物群落及水体11项非生物因子和4项生物因子进行周年采样调查,分析了水库内浮游植物功能类群组成、季节演替规律及其与生物因子和非生物因子的关系.结果显示,调查期间四明湖水库的浮游植物种类可归入22个功能类群,其优势功能类群主要隶属于绿藻门和硅藻门.非度量多维尺度分析(NMDS)显示,浮游植物群落结构呈现出明显的季节性演替;通过SIMPER分析,筛选出10个与季节变化显著相关的功能类群,其主要变化过程表现为:夏季D+Lo→秋冬季D+P+Lo→春季X2+P+MP.方差分解分析(VPA)显示,浮游植物功能类群的季节变化是由水温-浮游动物交互作用与水温单独作用共同影响的结果;典范对应分析(CCA)发现,水温(WT)、透明度(SD)和硝态氮(NO-3-N)以及浮游动物生物量是影响该水库浮游植物群落结构动态变化的主要因子.     

MODELING THE PERFORMANCE OF DEEP WASTE STABILIZATION PONDS1

ABSTRACT: The performance characteristics of a deep waste stabilization pond operating in Southeast Spain were studied for one year; the results show a high reduction in organic load and nutrients, as well as disinfection of the effluent, after a retention time that varies as a function of climatic conditions. Mathematical models describing its hydraulic, thermal, and biochemical bahavior are presented and compared with a set of measured data.     

THE EFFECT OF CURRENT ON PERIPHYTIC PRODUCTIVITY AS DETERMINED USING CARBON-141

ABSTRACT: Productivity measurements of organisms attached to artificial substrates ranged from 6.5–7.6 mg C/m²/hr and were 17-65% greater in stirred bottles (simulated flow) than under static conditions. Carbon-14 was used to determine the effect of current on the primary productivity of these organisms in six artificial streams at the Flowing Streams Laboratory on the Savannah River Plant (U.S. Energy Research and Development Administration, Aiken, South Carolina, U.SA.). Seasonal changes in dominant organisms were monitored from June 1973 to March 1974. Estimates of productivity, accumulated biomass, and levels of chlorophyll a were compared for possible correlation. Production of chlorophyll a ranged from 50 to 381 mg/m², and accumulated biomass ranged from 45 to 181 g/m² on the artificial substrates (glass microscope slides) during the period of study. Productivity of attached organisms was generally an order of magnitude greater than productivity of phytoplankton or tychoplankton. The consistently higher productivity in simulated flowing systems than in static systems tends to cast some doubt on values obtained when lotic communities have been enclosed or isolated in chambers or bottles without inducing a current or stirring action.     

元古宙—寒武纪疑源类的辐射演化、绝灭作用与海洋地球化学演变——兼论扬子区元古宙—奥陶纪疑源类的演化

通过对目前全世界元古宙———寒武纪地层中的浮游植物 (疑源类 )的统计 ,发现在新元古代晚期和早、中寒武世相对较短的时间间隔内发生了一系列的微体植物 (疑源类 )辐射和绝灭事件。而这些辐射和绝灭事件又与早期后生生物的辐射、绝灭都有密切的镜像关系。通过对古海洋的δ13 C、87Sr/ 86Sr研究 ,发现元古宙—寒武纪浮游植物 (疑源类 )的辐射演化、绝灭作用与古海洋环境变化有着密切的关系 ,即生物辐射时期 ,δ13 C、　87Sr/ 86Sr呈现高异常 ;生物绝灭时期 ,δ13 C、87Sr/ 86Sr呈现低异常 ;冰期δ13 C呈现明显的负异常。     

Initial results from a multi-institutional collaboration to monitor harmful algal blooms in South Carolina

The rapid rate of development in the South Carolina (SC) coastal zone has heightened public concern for the condition of the state's estuaries, and alerted scientists to the potential that novel and adverse effects on estuarine ecosystems may result. Although well-developed databases from long-term monitoring programs exist for many variables valuable in predicting and following system responses, information on phytoplankton distributions in SC estuaries has lagged. Knowledge of the dynamical relationship between environmental (e.g., nutrient quantity and quality) and biological (e.g., grazing) regulation, and phytoplankton biomass and composition is critical to understanding estuarine susceptibility to eutrophication or harmful algal blooms (HABs). Recently, SC scientists from federal, state, and academic institutions established a collaborative monitoring program to assess HAB distribution and ecology statewide. The South Carolina Harmful Algal Bloom Program includes: a) intensive temporal monitoring at areas of known HAB occurrence or those exhibiting symptoms potentially related to HABs (e.g., prevalent fish lesions), b) extensive spatial monitoring in coordination with existing statewide efforts, c) a citizen volunteer monitoring network, d) nutrient response bioassays, and e) laboratory-based physiological experiments on HAB isolates. By combining trip-wire surveillance and rapid response systems, routine monitoring of environmental parameters and HAB distribution, and process-oriented studies examining the physiological functioning of HAB species, an enhanced understanding of the impact and environmental control of HABs in SC estuaries will be achieved. The application of this approach to studies on the distribution and physiological ecology of a new widespread SC red tide, and to the discovery of several potentially toxic blooms (including Pfiesteria) in SC holding ponds, are described.     

A proposed standard method for composite sampling of water chemistry and plankton in small lakes

In this paper a method for collection of vertically and horizontally integrated volume-weighted composite samples for analysis of water chemistry and plankton is presented. The method, which requires a proper knowledge of lake morphometry parameters, includes proposed standard procedures for determination of sampling interval thickness, maximum depth of sampling, selection of sampling stations, and distribution of discrete samples. An example of the outcome of the method in a lake with uncomplicated basin morphometry is given and the results are discussed against background of general lake basin morphometry data. The aim of the paper is to start a debate about optimization (statistical as well as ecological) of volume weighted composite sampling.     

Basic Tendencies in the Structural Dynamics of Phytoplanktonic and Benthic Communities in the Sea of Azov

New data on the present-day state of planktonic and benthic communities in the Sea of Azov were obtained during an expedition organized in 1997 and 1998. The analysis of their species composition and quantitative indices of biomass and abundance revealed two obvious tendencies in the structural dynamics of biocenoses. The first is directly produced by disturbances of the environment under anthropogenic impact, and the second reflects the effect of global natural factors.     

大连湾海域营养盐时空分布、结构特征及其生态响应

基于2012年夏秋季大连湾海水中溶解态和不同粒级颗粒物中氮、磷、硅、叶绿素a的调查资料,对大连湾海水不同粒级颗粒物中营养盐和叶绿素a的时空分布特征进行了分析,对不同粒级浮游植物的营养要素组成及营养盐结构特征进行了探讨.结果表明,大连湾海水中溶解态营养盐、叶绿素a高值区主要出现在臭水套和甜水套湾附近海域,并由湾内向湾外递减,各粒级颗粒物中营养盐分布趋势存在着不一致性,但高值区易出现在西北部海域; 除无机氮外,海水中营养盐总体表现出秋季高于夏季,各粒级叶绿素a浓度表现为夏季高于秋季;磷是大连湾海水中浮游植物生长的限制元素,硅是不同粒级浮游植物营养盐的限制要素;微微型浮游植物对现有的营养结构更具适应性.     

辽东湾网采浮游植物粒级结构的胁迫响应

基于2012~2014年春、夏、秋、冬季辽东湾网采浮游植物及环境因子的调查资料,对辽东湾南、北2个区域的浮游植物粒级结构分布规律及其环境胁迫响应进行了分析,并评估了浮游植物群落结构的稳定性.结果表明,辽东湾海域浮游植物春、夏、秋季丰度主要集中在小粒径范围,冬季主要集中在中粒径范围;生物量春、夏、秋季主要集中在中粒径范围,冬季主要集中在大粒径范围,南部区域浮游植物粒径整体上大于北部区域.寡营养水域以及较低的水温环境更适于大粒径浮游植物生存.春、秋、冬季浮游植物群落结构比较稳定,但夏季偏离平衡点.南部区域群落结构整体上比北部区域稳定,网采中、大粒径组的W统计量可以作为浮游植物群落结构稳定性的评估指标.