三维荧光光谱解析城市污水有机物的去除特征

利用荧光区域积分结合物料平衡计算及多元直接梯度分析,考察强化除磷-硫自养系统对低COD/TN比市政污水中有机物、氮和磷污染物的去除特性.结果表明,在进水COD/TN比为4.5～6.0的条件下,强化除磷-硫自养系统出水中的TN、NH₄⁺-N和TP浓度分别降至1.31、1.11和0.23mg/L,其去除率分别达到了96.3%、96.0%和86.9%.强化除磷-硫自养系统对荧光区域Ⅰ～Ⅴ标准积分体积的去除率分别为73.7%、64.3%、50.6%、61.3%和28.1%.物料平衡计算表明,非曝气区对荧光区域Ⅰ、Ⅱ和Ⅳ的物质有明显的去除效果;好氧区对荧光区域Ⅰ、Ⅱ和Ⅲ的物质有明显的去除效果.多元直接梯度分析表明,磷的释放过程可能与溶解性微生物代谢产物荧光区中的有机物相关,而自养的硝化反应、吸磷过程和有机物的去除可在好氧区达到统一.     

Incorporation of environmental issues in South Africa’s municipal Integrated Development Plans

The transition to full democracy in South Africa in 1994 saw local government becoming the focal point for dealing with socio-economic development needs of communities. The Integrated Development Plan (IDP) has been used as the tool for guiding local development objectives, balanced against environmental demands within a sustainable development paradigm. Here we examine the extent to which this is being achieved through an analysis of IDPs from 35 different municipalities at three scales. We test the hypothesis that the metropolitan municipalities are better at mainstreaming environmental issues into their IDPs than local and district municipalities. Results indicate that mainstreaming environmental issues in IDPs is still low. The hypothesis that metropoles are better at mainstreaming environmental issues than district and local municipalities was not accepted since there were no significant differences between municipalities. There was low relative budget allocations and inclusion of vision and mission statements that mainstream environmental issues in all municipalities. For mainstreaming of environmental issues to be effective in IDPs, both proactive approaches and multi-faceted bottom-up and top-down approaches are suggested.     

可发性聚苯乙烯(EPS)废水回用中试研究

以可发性聚苯乙烯(EPS)达标尾水为处理对象,开展了EPS废水作为工艺水回用技术研究,半年来的深度处理中试试验表明:采用砂滤-超滤-一级反渗透-离子交换/二级反渗透深度处理工艺的出水能稳定达到该厂工艺水要求,即:ρ(CODMn)≤5 mg/L,电导率≤10μS/cm。产品合成中试试验表明:采用经深度处理后得到的工艺水合成的产品符合国家和企业相关的质量标准,粒度稳定、分布较为集中。     

EGSB反应器中耦合厌氧氨氧化与甲烷化反硝化的研究

将好氧活性污泥接种于膨胀颗粒污泥床(EGSB)反应器中,经过120 d的启动运行,形成颗粒污泥.在启动好的EGSB反应器进水中添加亚硝酸盐和氨盐,反应器内温度控制在32～35 ℃,pH为7.5～8.3,氧化还原电位为-150～-40 mV;水力停留时间4.2 h,上升流速4.86 m/h,经过270 d运行,逐步富集和耦合产甲烷菌、反硝化菌和厌氧氨氧化菌.在进水ρ(COD_Cr)为500 mg/L,有机容积负荷速率为4.800 kg/(m3·d)(以COD_Cr计)和1.152 kg/(m3·d)(以N计)的条件下,出水ρ(COD_Cr)维持在80 mg/L以下;COD_Cr,氨氮,亚硝态氮和总氮去除率分别为85%, 35%, 99.9%和67%;其去除速率分别稳定在6.12,0.202,0.575和0.777 kg/(m3·d);其中氨氮和总氮的去除速率分别是传统活性污泥法硝化/反硝化(0.05 kg/(m3·d))的4和15.5倍. pH,温度,溶解氧,氧化还原电位,亚硝酸盐和COD_Cr对EGSB反应器中厌氧氨氧化与甲烷化反硝化的耦合和颗粒污泥的特性均有影响.      

生态环境空间数据的多尺度集成方法

空间数据集成是解决异构网络环境信息系统间空间数据交换、传输和共享、数据互操作的有效方法。笔者在分析生态环境数据特征和生成机理以及集成原理基础上 ,提出了生态环境空间数据的空间多尺度集成方法 ,并构建了基于面向应用目标的生态环境空间数据集成系统框架和运行过程机制。 更多还原      

Ecotoxicological evaluation of sediments by battery bioassays: application and comparison of two integrated classification systems

There is a recognised need to integrate multiple toxicity data deriving from battery bioassays into an easily understandable and single value, which may facilitate the decision-making process related to the management of contaminated sediments. In this study, two integration results systems were applied and compared: toxicity classification system (TCS) and Toxicity Test Battery integrated Index (TBI). The quality of sediments of the Taranto seas (Mar Grande and Mar Piccolo) was assessed by a battery of five test species representing different trophic levels (Dunaliella tertiolecta, Tigriopus fulvus, Corophium insidiosum, Mytilus galloprovincialis, and Anphibalanus amphitrite) and performed on three exposure phases (elutriate, porewater, and whole sediment). The integration of biological tests results with TBI showed that stations located in Mar Grande and one station in Mar Piccolo were in the high ecotoxicological risk level, according to the results obtained with TCS. The comparison of results deriving from two evaluation systems showed similarity in the ecotoxicological risk level. Only in one case there was a lack of concordance between two indices giving opposite judgments. The present study demonstrates that the use of one of the two indices can be useful to estimate and to rank hazard level for sediments.     

Tourism policy,biodiversity conservation and management: a case of the Kruger National Park,South Africa

Management of Kruger National Park (KNP) has recently made considerable progress in developing new policies to address biodiversity conservation and management challenges. These include tourism, water provision and elephant management policies. This study examines the integration of these three policies with regard to biodiversity conservation and management. Findings indicate that in their current fragmented form, the three policies actually undermine opportunities for effective biodiversity conservation and management in the KNP. This can be reversed by adopting a new management approach based on an environmental matrix organizational framework. Such a framework provides a mechanism for integrated policymaking and implementation and for improving biodiversity conservation and management in the KNP. The study concludes that an integrated approach is necessary due to the interlinkages between policies that affect biodiversity conservation at the KNP.     

三峡水库水质模型的选取和系统集成

水环境信息系统与水质模型在水环境保护中具有互为补充的作用,将它们有机结合,对水环境的预测和管理具有重要意义。根据三峡水库水污染控制的特点和水环境管理的需要,选取了5个不同的水质模型,在讨论水质模型不同集成模式的基础上,采用半紧密内嵌集成模式实现了所选水质模型与三峡水库水环境管理信息系统的有效连接。最后以分层三维模型为例,通过开发水质模型的前处理模块、后处理模块以及计算模型接口模块,完成了模型与三峡水库水环境管理信息系统的集成,并将集成后的水质模型成功应用于三峡水库万州段水流及水质的预测模拟。结果表明,通过GIS、数据库、图形界面等技术手段,实现了水质模型数据准备的自动化和计算结果快速分析,它不仅增强了系统的水质预测和分析能力,还强化了水质模型的易用性,提高了模型的应用范围和预测效率,为库区的水污染控制和水环境保护提供了有力的技术支持。     

新时代生态环境建设中陆海统筹发展对策研究——以厦门为例

海岸带地区是陆海交互作用区,是陆海统筹中需要重点关注的区域,党的十九大报告里提出要坚持陆海统筹,《深化党和国家机构改革方案》中提出整合原环境保护部等部委的相关污染防治和生态保护执法及国家海洋局的海洋环境保护职责,组建生态环境部。本研究通过对厦门市陆海统筹政策现状系统梳理分析,厘清生态环境建设中陆海统筹的关键问题,总结出陆海统筹工作的对策建议,包括构建生态环境陆海统筹管理新模式、蓝色经济与生态文明协同发展新模式、基于绿色发展的弹性海岸新模式、"三个一"智慧海岸带大数据信息系统技术新体系等。这些对策对于我国海岸带城市区域生态环境建设的陆海统筹和海岸带综合管理工作具有借鉴意义。     

国外光伏发电并入智能电网发展探讨

智能电网是未来电网发展的主要趋势。随着人们对环境保护的重视,如何将风能、太阳能等可再生能源大规模接入电网已经成为智能电网下一阶段的研究方向。介绍了国外光伏发电技术发展,概述了国外对光伏发电并入智能电网的最新研究,提出了光伏并网发电面临的问题以及相关建议,为我国未来光伏并网发电的实施提供参考。