关于ABR系统中酸解过程的特征及其恢复调控问题

阐述了ABR系统中酸解过程的特征及调控措施 .在酸化初期 ,各隔室pH逐级升高 ,COD和VFA逐隔室降低 ,具有明显的两段厌氧消化的特点 .完全酸化期 ,各隔室pH降到 3 5— 4 5范围后就保持相对稳定 ,各隔室出水COD与进水COD接近 .酸化过程中污泥浓度逐渐降低 ,SVI增大 ,粘度增加 ,容易上浮 ;VFA累积 ,VFA中甲酸、丙酸、丁酸浓度升高 ,随时间延长 ,并无自然恢复迹象 .采用单独调控碱度或降低负荷的方式 ,系统都难以恢复正常 ,只有采用在碱度和负荷同时调控时 ,约 6 0d后系统恢复正常 .     

水解+加压MBR处理淀粉废水研究

对水解+加压MBR处理中等难降解淀粉废水进行了探索性研究。试验结果表明增加水解酸化预处理后加压MBR处理效果有明显增加,不同操作压力下,膜过滤出水COD仅为无水解酸化预处理时的1/2。在操作压力为045MPa,进水COD10430mg/L,容积负荷522kgCOD/m3·d时,膜滤出水COD仅为202mg/L,COD去除率高达9981%。     

Catalytic urea hydrolysis by composite metal oxide catalyst towards efficient urea-based SCR process: performance evaluation and mechanism investigation

● Bimetallic oxide composite catalyst was designed for the urea-based SCR process. ● Surface chemical state and typical microstructure of catalyst was determined. ● Reaction route was improved based on intermediates and active site identification. ● TiO₂@Al₂O₃ presents an obvious promotion for urea hydrolysis. As a promising option to provide gaseous NH₃ for SCR system, catalytic urea hydrolysis has aroused great attention, and improving surface area and activity of catalysis are the crucial issues to be solved for efficient urea hydrolysis. Therefore, a composite metal oxide (TiO₂@Al₂O₃) catalyst was prepared by a simple hydrothermal method, with mesoporous alumina (γ-Al₂O₃) as substrate. The results verify the mesoporous structure and submicron cluster of TiO₂@Al₂O₃, with exposed crystal faces of (101) and (400) for TiO₂ and γ-Al₂O₃, respectively. The electronegativity difference of Ti⁴⁺ and Al³⁺ changes the charge distribution scheme around the interface, which provides abundant acid/base sites to boost the urea hydrolysis. Consequently, for an optimal proportioning with nano TiO₂ content at 10 wt.%, the hydrolysis efficiency can reach up to 35.2 % at 100 °C in 2 h, increasing by ~7.1 % than that of the blank experiment. ¹³C NMR spectrum measurements provide the impossible intermediate species during urea hydrolysis. Theoretical calculations are performed to clarify the efficient H₂O decomposition at the interface of TiO₂@Al₂O₃. The result offers a favorable technology for energy-efficiency urea hydrolysis.     

芸苔素内酯的水解及其在土壤中的降解特性

测定了芸苔素内酯在不同pH值和温度条件下的水解及其在东北黑土、灭菌东北黑土、江西红壤和河南二合土4种土壤中的降解特性。结果表明:芸苔素内酯的水解和在土壤中的降解均符合一级动力学方程。在pH值为5、7和9的条件下,25℃时芸苔素内酯的水解半衰期分别为24.1、19.6和16.4d;50℃时水解半衰期分别为20.9、16.3和13.6d。25℃时芸苔素内酯在东北黑土、灭菌东北黑土、河南二合土和江西红壤中的降解半衰期分别为13.8、14.1、16.5和43.3d。     

城市污水污泥微波热水解特性研究

在80～170 ℃进行1～30 min的城市污水污泥微波热水解,微波频率2 450 MHz,最大输出功率1 kW,考察挥发性悬浮固体(VSS)和悬浮固体(SS)溶解率,污泥上清液COD和TOC浓度、污泥粒径、形态变化和碳氢氮含量等污泥热水解特征,分析污泥离心脱水性能的改善和减量化效果.结果表明,微波加热使污泥有机物水解反应快速发生,水解过程受温度影响显著.热水解5 min时,150℃和170℃的VSS溶解率为15.8%和29.4%;10 min时COD溶解率达到19.07%和25.75%,COD和TOC浓度在170℃分别为9 860.0 mg/L和2 949.70 mg/L.超过5～10 min,VSS和COD水解率增加缓慢.通过扫描电镜(SEM)观察到污泥热水解后菌体细胞破裂.与碳和氢相比,污泥中氮的水解率更高,170℃微波热水解5 min氮的水解率达到67%.150℃和170℃热水解10 min离心脱水污泥含水率降低到73.1%和65.5%,脱水性能改善,相应减量化率为33.9%和51.7%.