九寨黄龙机场填方高边坡静力稳定性分析

某机场工程位于青藏高原东缘高山峡谷区,飞行区横跨5条大的冲沟,最大填方高度102 m。本文利用三维有限元法对地基沉降、填方边坡稳定性等问题进行了分析,对工程施工提出了相应的建议。     

广东坡地红壤颗粒组成状况的研究──Ⅲ.土壤颗粒组成与土壤理化性质的关系

根据所收集的土壤理化分析资料,探讨了广东坡地红壤类颗粒组成对土壤理化性质的影响．研究结果表明,土壤＜0．01mm物理性粘粒或是＜0．001mm粘粒含量与土壤结构系数、＜0．005mm孔隙度、土壤持水量、土壤阳离子代换量、土壤有机质、土壤N和P含量均呈显著正相关;＜0．001mm颗粒含量与土壤有效持水量呈显著指数相关。由此可见,土壤颗粒组成是影响土壤肥力的重要因素。     

广东旱坡地春玉米高产栽培研究──以河源市灯塔盆地为例

本文在对河源市灯塔盆地的旱坡地进行春玉米高产栽培试验示范研究的基础上,根据玉米的生物学特性,提出了旱坡地春植玉米的适宜品种、播种期和高产栽培技术措施,为广东省充分利用旱坡地资源,发展玉米生产提供了科学依据.     

A METHOD FOR OBTAINING SLOPE INFORMATION FOR HYDROLOGIC MODELS1

: A method is described for obtaining surface slope information for analysis with other land resource and water quality data in hydrologic models of nonpoint sources of water pollution. The method described requires a point sampling scheme, topographic maps, and a coordinate digitizer. Sample point elevation, slope direction, and slope magnitude are calculated from locations of the sample point and the nearest upper and lower contour lines. Details of the data collection methodology and associated problems are discussed.     

Ski slope vegetation in central Honshu,Japan

To determine the status of the vegetation of ski slopes in northeastern-central Honshu, Japan, 94 plots (2×2 m) were set up on five ski areas (101–520 m elevation) which were established between 1945 and 1985 by forest clear-cutting, land modification, and seeding. Six vegetation types were recognized: five grasslands dominated byDigitaria adscendens, Miscanthus sinensis, Zoysia japonica, Festuca rubra, andPteridium aquilinum var.latiusculum, respectively, and bare areas of very low to no vegetation cover. Of the dominant species,F. rubra is the only introduced species; it does not, however, appear to persist. After the introduced grassland declinesM. sinensis or annual grasslands develop. Native plants, especially woody species, can establish inM. sinensis grassland but do not establish in the other grasslands. It is concluded that the introduction of exotic species is inappropriate to maintain ski slope vegetation, and the development ofM. sinensis grassland is desirable to promote natural revegetation.     

Interpolating SRTM Elevation Data to Higher Resolution to Improve Hydrologic Analysis

The Shuttle Radar Topography Mission (SRTM) digital elevation model (DEM) has been a valuable resource for hydrological analysis, providing elevation data at a consistent resolution on a near‐global scale. However, its resolution (three arc‐second or 90 m) is sometimes too low to obtain the desired level of accuracy and precision for hydrologic analysis. We evaluated the performance of several methods for interpolating SRTM three arc‐second data to a 30‐m resolution grid to better represent topography and derive terrain characteristics of the landscape. STRM data were interpolated to 30‐m DEMs on a common grid using spline, inverse distance weighting (IDW), kriging (KR), natural neighbor methods, and cubic convolution (CC) resampling. Accuracy of the methods was assessed by comparing interpolated and resampled 30‐m grids with the reference data. Slope, aspect, sinks, and stream networks were derived for the 30‐m grids and compared on a cell‐by‐cell basis to evaluate their performance in reproducing the derivatives. The comparisons identify spline and KR as the most accurate interpolation methods, of which spline is preferred because of its relative simplicity. IDW provided the greatest bias in all methods with artifacts evident in slope and aspect maps. The performance of CC projection directly to a 30‐m resolution was comparable to spline interpolation, thus is recommended as the most convenient method for interpolating SRTM to a higher resolution.     

岩溶山地土壤氧化铁形态及其与成土环境的关系

土壤氧化铁的数量和形态是成土过程和成土环境的反映.以重庆金佛山为研究对象,采用化学选择溶解法,分析了岩溶山地土壤铁氧化物数量与形态,并探讨了氧化铁数量、形态与成土环境、岩溶环境退化和石漠化发生发展的关系.结果表明,山顶区与坡腰区全铁含量差异大,山顶土壤全铁51.49 g.kg-1,坡腰区全铁含量86.29 g.kg-1,土壤全铁主要受母质影响.山顶区气温低,土壤发育程度弱,黏粒游离铁含量低（29.16 g.kg-1）,黏粒部分铁的游离度小（35.40%）;坡腰区气温高,土壤风化程度较深,黏粒游离铁含量高（43.92 g.kg-1）,黏粒铁的游离度高（60.41%）.山顶区低温潮湿,土壤有机质含量高,铁的活化度和络合度高（73.51%和17.21%）,显著高于坡腰区（13.06%和0.41%）.在坡腰区,灌丛马尾松退化或转化为旱地后,土壤有机质含量下降,黏粒流失,游离铁有伴随黏粒迁移的趋势,使土壤全铁和黏粒游离铁减少;灌丛马尾松土壤全铁98.25g.kg-1,坡耕地84.52 g.kg-1;灌丛马尾松黏粒游离铁50.81 g.kg-1,坡耕地47.86 g.kg-1.土壤铁氧化物数量与形态可以表征岩溶环境退化及石漠化发生发展状况.     

干流倒灌异重流对香溪河库湾营养盐的补给作用

三峡水库蓄水以来,其支流库湾每年均暴发严重的春季水华.为研究三峡水库支流营养盐受干流的逆向影响,于2010年对三峡水库库首区域最大的支流香溪河库湾水流特点及总氮、总磷的时空动态分布进行了详细监测.研究发现库湾水体表现为分层异向流动,存在明显的倒灌异重流现象,分别以表、中、底3种形式倒灌入香溪河库湾;特定的水流特性为库湾营养物质的运输提供了水动力基础,香溪河河口处由干流倒灌输入总氮、总磷的平均瞬时通量分别为501.92 g.s-1、48.17 g.s-1,在2010年干流倒灌输入香溪河库湾的总氮、总磷污染负荷分别占总量的43.4%、21.5%.结果表明,倒灌输入的总氮、总磷占有很大的比例,同时加强三峡水库支流及干流上游流域污染控制才是有效控制支流水华发生的根本途径.     

平庄西露天矿露井联采高陡长大 边坡稳定性监测研究

为掌握平庄西露天矿露井联采顶帮边坡的岩移规律与稳定性状态,揭示地下开采对边坡稳定性的影响,基于对典型滑坡位移-时间特征的 认识,提出用位移历时曲线与位移加速度历时曲线形态判断边坡稳定性状态,并详细对比分析了布置在井工开采边界以及边坡走向与倾向方向 上各监测线的地表位移监测数据。结果表明,平庄西露天矿顶帮现状边坡整体处于稳定状态,II区凸边坡为相对不稳定区域;边坡岩移规律及 稳定性主要受断层、弱层、边坡平面形态、地下开采及其引起的断层活化等因素综合控制;地下开采对边坡稳定性影响范围的边界大约在边坡 表面出露标高+572m。     

天山北坡城市群气溶胶光学特性时空分布特征

为探究天山北坡城市群大气气溶胶光学特性时空分布特征,本文利用卫星遥感MCD19-A2气溶胶产品分析了2000~2019年研究区气溶胶光学厚度（aerosol optical depth,AOD）时空分布特征及变化趋势,针对AOD较为稳定的2016~2019年,利用多波段太阳光度计地基遥感技术,对AOD及Angström波长指数（α）等参数进行特征分析.结果表明：①空间上,研究区AOD空间分布与地形呈现较好的一致性,高值现象主要分布在低海拔地区;AOD空间分布表现出较强烈季节变化,春季（0.15±0.03） > 秋季（0.14±0.03） > 夏季（0.14±0.02）;②时间上,2000~2019年间研究区AOD年均值为0.12,年增幅1.03%,整体呈现增加趋势;AOD月均值的年际变化表现为双峰型,5月和11月为第一峰值和第二峰值,自然尘源粉尘的释放和传输以及人类社会燃煤供暖是造成AOD增加的主要原因;③受沙尘天气的影响,春季AOD的变化幅度较为剧烈,气溶胶主控粒子粒径及变化幅度均大于夏季;研究区AOD高值主要受粗模态粒子气溶胶的影响,细模态粒子吸湿增长会引起AOD的波动,但不易导致AOD高值.