石油污染土壤微生物群落结构与分布特性研究

针对污染胁迫下土壤微生物群落结构与分布问题,基于PCR-DGGE分析与系统发育树等现代分子生物学分析方法,探讨典型油田区石油污染土壤微生物群落结构特征,污染水平与微生物群落分布的关系.结果表明,污染土壤石油含量的差异是造成微生物群落结构相似度差异的主要因素;微生物群落结构相似性指数与土壤石油污染水平具有显著相关性;随着土壤污染程度的增加,微生物群落的均匀度指数降低,菌属分布不均匀,表现出土壤微生物群落结构和种属的污染胁迫与分异现象;石油污染土壤中存在明显的优势菌属:Gulosibacter、Halomonas、Petrobacter、Methylocystis、Pseudoalteromonas.本研究结果为认识石油污染土壤微生物特性提供基础.     

PCR-DGGE技术解析固体碳源表面生物膜的微生物群落结构

以聚乳酸/聚羟基丁酸戊酸共聚酯(PLA/PHBV)作为填充床反应器的碳源和生物膜载体,对受硝酸盐污染的水进行生物反硝化脱氮.采用聚合酶链式反应-变性梯度凝胶电泳(PCR-DGGE)技术分析了PLA/PHBV表面生物膜中微生物群落的结构和动态变化.结果表明,反应器运行初期,生物膜中微生物多样性下降.当反应器稳定运行时,DGGE图谱特征条带的香农威尔指数和辛普森指数均变化不大,微生物群落结构保持相对稳定.DGGE图谱特征条带的16S rDNA序列分析及扫描电镜分析的结果表明,生物膜中的主要微生物均为革兰氏阴性杆菌,包括Diaphorobacter、Acidovorax、Rubrivivax、Azospira、Thermomonas和Devosia,它们分别属于变形菌门(Proteobacteria)的α-,β-和γ-变形菌纲,其中Diaphorobacter为反应器稳定运行期生物膜中丰度最高的菌群.     

引物选择对污泥微生物多样性分析的影响

研究不同引物对PCR-DGGE和PCR-RFLP技术分析污泥群落结构的影响,选取8对通用引物扩增16S rDNA不同可变区序列并对细菌多样性进行DGGE分析,也选取11对通用引物扩增16S rDNA片段并对细菌多样性进行RFLP分析.通过分析PCR产物琼脂糖凝胶电泳图谱、DGGE图谱和酶切图谱,评价不同引物的扩增效果及其对污泥群落多样性的表征能力.结果表明,采用不同引物进行污泥群落结构DGGE分析或RFLP分析时,污泥群落多样性差异显著.PCR-DGGE分析中,引物B341F/B534R(V3区)分析效果较好,条带较丰富,能够充分反映污泥群落多样性.PCR-RFLP分析中,引物27f/8f和1500R扩增效果较好,酶切位点较多,酶切图谱条带丰富,差异性显著,能够充分表征污泥群落多样性.因此,活性污泥细菌多样性分析时,PCR-DGGE分析较优的引物为B341F和B534R,PCR-RFLP分析较优的引物为27f/8f和1500R.     

云南玉溪烟区轮作与连作土壤细菌群落多样性比较研究

为评价云南玉溪烟区轮作和连作对土壤细菌群落多样性影响,从土壤中直接提取土壤细菌总DNA,用细菌16S rDNA特异性引物进行PCR扩增和变性梯度凝胶电泳(DGGE),每个处理样品3次重复,在DGGE图谱中相似性较高,基本聚在一起,从整体证明了试验操作方法较为精确.从泳道分析图可知,轮作土壤细菌群落各泳道条带数量13～29条不等,平均为21条.连作土壤细菌群落各泳道条带数量从4～20条不等,平均为12条.从每条泳道的条带数方面和光密度值分别进行细菌群落多样性各指标的比较,结果表明,轮作处理细菌群落丰富度指数均大于连作处理,轮作香农-威纳和辛普森指数(1/D)均大于连作,表明轮作微生物多样性较连作高,轮作方式可以提高植烟土壤细菌群落的多样性.     

天津新港区潮间带沉积物细菌群落结构

利用PCR-DGGE技术对天津新港潮间带(东经117°45′11.4"～45′12.4",北纬39°2′42.8"～3′14.6")沉积物中的细菌群落组成和优势菌群进行了调查,通过Quantity One软件分析不同样品的DGGE图谱,发现9个站位的细菌种类、数量和多样性都存在明显差别,表明该潮间带细菌群落的空间异质性...     

A novel integrated step-feed biofilm process for the treatment of decentralized domestic wastewater in rural areas of China

For wastewater treatment in rural areas, a novel three-stage step-feed wastewater treatment system, combined with a drop-aeration biofilm process, was tested in the laboratory to investigate its performance in removing suspended solids (SS), chemical oxygen demand (COD), NH4+-N, total nitrogen (TN), and total phosphorus (TP). The removal rates of SS, COD and NH4+-N were 90%, 80%, and 90% in efluent concentrations less than 10 mg/L, 50 mg/L and 8 mg/L, respectively. The TP removal rate was less satisfactory....     

Assessing the impact of fungicide enostroburin application on bacterial community in wheat phyllosphere

Fungicides have been used extensively for controlling fungal pathogens of plants. However, little is known regarding the effects that fungicides upon the indigenous bacterial communities within the plant phyllosphere. The aims of this study were to assess the impact of fungicide enostroburin upon bacterial communities in wheat phyllosphere. Culture-independent methodologies of 16S rDNA clone library and 16S rDNA directed polymerase chain reaction with denaturing gradient gel electrophoresis (PCR-DGGE) were used for monitoring the change of bacterial community. The 16S rDNA clone library and PCR-DGGE analysis both confirmed the microbial community of wheat plant phyllosphere were predominantly of the γ-Proteobacteria phyla. Results from PCR-DGGE analysis indicated a significant change in bacterial community structure within the phyllosphere following fungicide enostroburin application. Bands sequenced within control cultures were predominantly of Pseudomonas genus, but those bands sequenced in the treated samples were predominantly strains of Pantoea genus and Pseudomonas genus. Of interest was the appearance of two DGGE bands following fungicide treatment, one of which had sequence similarities (98%) to Pantoea sp. which might be a competitor of plant pathogens. This study revealed the wheat phyllosphere bacterial community composition and a shift in the bacterial community following fungicide enostroburin application.     

MBR中微生物群落结构的演变与分析

为了揭示膜.生物反应器中微生物群落结构多样性的演变过程,通过细胞裂解法直接提取不同时期污泥中的基因组DNA,利用基于16SrDNA的PCR-DGGE技术获得了微生物群落的DNA特征指纹图谱,并对条带进行了统计分析和切胶测序,使用序列数据进行了同源性分析并建立了系统发育树.DGGE分析表明,在反应器运行前17d内污泥中微生物群落结构变化很大,与接种污泥的相似性系数下降到了29.2%,从而说明MBR中处理工艺和进水水质的改变导致微生物群落结构多样性降低.在试验过程中,Pscudomonas和Aeromonas hydrophila等种群一直保持着较为稳定的优势地位,也有原始种群如Bacillus sp.的消亡和以Enterococcus faecalis、Comamonas sp.、Fusobacterium sp.等为代表的次级种群的强化和演变.UPGMA聚类分析将DGGE图谱区分为3大类群并对应于各自的运行时期.测序结果表明,MBR中微生物菌群间进化距离较大,其中Proteobaeteria纲和Bacillus属细菌较多.在反应器运行后期演变为优势地位的菌群(如Comamonas sp.)加剧了膜污染物的产生和积累.     

Dynamic changes of microbial community diversity in a photohydrogen producing reactor monitored by PCR-DGGE

A PCR-DGGE (denaturing gradient gel electrophoresis of polymerase chain reaction) protocol was used for monitoring the dynamic changes in the microbial population during photohydrogen production. Total DNA was extracted directly from the mixed bacterial community in the reactor and subjected to PCR with V3-16S rDNA and pufM gene primers, and the amplifications were then analyzed by DGGE. The DGGE patterns demonstrated the dynamics of community structure and the shift of microbial diversity, which correspond...     

应用PCR-DGGE技术分析黄海冷水团海域的细菌群落组成

利用PCR-DGGE技术对2个季节(2006-04和2006-10)的黄海冷水团海域的细菌群落组成和优势菌群进行了分析.通过软件Glyko Bandscan分析DGGE图谱,4月份所有站位的条带数相近(约17条),多样性丰富;10月份,在冷水团范围以内站位的条带约16条,其多样性也较丰富;而在冷水团范围以外站位的条带少(约12条),其多样性较低.细菌16S rDNAV3区特征片段经DGGE分离、条带切割,共得到24条条带,克隆、测序后,进行系统进化分析,结果显示这24条带分别归属于2个细菌类群:变形细菌门(Proteobacteria)和拟杆菌门(Bacteroides).在24条序列中有16条分别与变形细菌亚群的γ和δ-Proteobacteria相似,有5条与拟杆菌门相似.时空分析发现,4月份所有站位水体(海水温度为7-12℃)的细菌群落组成和10月份(冷水团存在期)冷水团内部水体(海水温度低于10℃)的细菌群落组成相同(都包括γ-Proteobacteria、δ-Proteobacteria和Bacteroides),与10月份冷水团外部水体(海水温度大于19℃)的(包括γ-Proteobacteria和Bacteroides)不同.优势菌群也存在同样的分布特点,4月份所有站位水体的优势菌群与10月份冷水团内部水体的优势菌群也相同(都是γ-Proteobacteria),而10月份冷水团外部水体不同的站位优势菌群不同.该海域细菌群落组成和优势菌群的分布特点,可能与冷水团的形成有一定的相关性.