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Ruixue Jiang Jinqiu Qi Wei Wang Hao Zheng Xiaochen Li 《Environmental science and pollution research international》2014,21(18):10744-10750
The accumulation and fraction distribution of Ni(II) in sludge was determined, and their effect on the performance of sequencing batch reactor (SBR) systems was evaluated at laboratory scale. The results showed that the removal efficiencies of substrates decreased significantly with increasing feeding concentration of Ni(II) into SBRs. The concentration of Ni(II) fed into the SBRs was significantly positively correlated with the Ni(II) contents accumulated in the sludge, while it was negatively correlated with the biomass in the SBRs. The accumulated Ni(II) in the sludge was distributed mainly in the available fraction, accounting for 75.8–90.0 % of the total Ni(II) content. The accumulated content of Ni(II) in each sludge fraction could be predicted satisfactorily by the feeding Ni(II) concentrations in the solutions. As compared with the total contents and other chemical fractions, Ni(II) in the oxidizable fraction in sludge exhibited more important inhibition effects on sludge microorganisms in the SBRs. 相似文献
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菌株ZD8的分离鉴定及其异养硝化和缺氧/好氧反硝化特性研究 总被引:4,自引:1,他引:3
从稳定运行的ASBR厌氧氨氧化反应器中分离筛选出一株在缺氧和好氧条件下均具有高效反硝化能力的菌株ZD8,该菌株为假单胞属(Pseudomonas sp.),大小2 μm×0.25 μm,无鞭毛和芽孢.实验结果表明,缺氧条件下,ZD8最适合的碳源为柠檬酸钠;当C/N为10时,具有最佳的反硝化效果.菌株ZD8在缺氧条件下不具有硝化能力.在好氧条件下菌株ZD8获得最佳反硝化效果的C/N为22,最适合pH范围是7.2~9.9.菌株ZD8在好氧条件下具有高效的异养硝化能力,NH4+-N平均去除速率为8.3 mg·L-1·h-1.当以KNO3为氮源时ZD8的反硝化速率为13.1 mg·L-1·h-1;而以NaNO2为氮源时,其反硝化速率为6.98 mg·L-1·h-1.在同时存在NH4+-N和NO3--N或NH4+-N和NO2--N的系统中,菌株ZD8均首先利用NH4+-N发生硝化作用,NH4+-N的存在对反硝化具有抑制作用,并且NH4+-N对NO2--N的反硝化抑制作用更强;在同时存在NO3--N和NO2--N的系统中,菌株ZD8优先利用NO3--N进行好氧反硝化脱氮. 相似文献
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To develop a sound post-treatment process for anaerobically-digested strong wastewater,a novel natural treatment system comprising two units is put forward.The first unit,a trickling filter,provides for further reduction of biochemical oxygen demand and adjustable nitrification.The subsequent soil–plant unit aims at removing and recovering the nutrients nitrogen(N),phosphorus(P)and potassium(K).As a lab-scale feasibility study,a soil column test was conducted,in which black soil and valuable Kentucky bluegrass were integrated to treat artificial nutrient-enriched wastewater.After a long-term operation,the nitrification function was well established in the top layers,despite the need for an improved denitrification process prior to discharge.P and K were retained by the soil through distinct mechanisms.Since they either partially or totally remained in plant-available forms in the soil,indirect nutrient reuse could be achieved.As for Kentucky bluegrass,it displayed better growth status when receiving wastewater,with direct recovery of 8%,6% and 14% of input N,P and K,respectively.Furthermore,the indispensable role of Kentucky bluegrass for better treatment performance was proved,as it enhanced the cell-specific nitrification potential of the soil nitrifying microorganisms inhabiting the rhizosphere.After further upgrade,the proposed system is expected to become a new solution for strong wastewater pollution. 相似文献
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阐明事故致因理论的重要性和应用情况对于促进其发展、应用及提高事故预防效果十分重要。通过分析国内外的重要观点得知,安全科学是事故预防的科学,事故致因理论是发现事故原因、有效预防事故的工具,当然具有特别的重要性;但事故致因理论研究在我国开展较晚,所以目前的研究与应用并不充分。综合以往文献,给出了事故致因理论的实质性科学含义是事故的原因定义、原因间、原因与事故间的逻辑关系,它们可形象地综合表达为事故致因模型,其获取过程中不可或缺的方法是对以往事故案例的原因分析;通过观察安全管理实务认识到,社会组织要有效管理其安全健康和环保业务,选择一种事故致因模型作为总体思路且连续运转,十分必要。 相似文献
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叶菜类蔬菜土壤铬(Ⅲ)污染阈值研究 总被引:5,自引:0,他引:5
以2种典型土壤(天津潮土与江西红壤)和9种常见叶菜(油菜、茼蒿、菠菜、生菜、芹菜、空心菜、苋菜、小白菜、油麦菜)为研究对象,通过盆栽试验揭示不同铬(Cr3+)污染土壤和叶菜Cr累积的相关性规律,寻求符合绿色蔬菜生产要求的土壤Cr(Ⅲ)污染阈值.结果表明:叶菜属于对重金属富集能力较强的蔬菜,对叶菜重金属污染的评价应该重点考察食品卫生标准的临界值.通过叶菜与潮土及红壤中Cr(Ⅲ)含量之间的回归方程,可得出符合国家食品卫生标准的土壤Cr阈值预测区间,潮土为104.387~300.741mg·kg-1,红壤为157.621~401.031mg·kg-1.芹菜、苋菜和空心菜对土壤质量的要求较高,而茼蒿在土壤Cr含量超过土壤环境质量标准3级标准的情况下仍可达标.根据计算出的阈值,可以为叶菜类蔬菜基地建设的地点选择和污染农田土壤的治理目标提供科学依据. 相似文献
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窄前沿高压脉冲放电等离子体降解水中苯胺 总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1
采用高压电极在气相、接地极在液相的针-板式放电装置,考察了窄前沿高压脉冲放电等离子体降解水中苯胺的效果。比较了窄前沿高压脉冲放电(上升沿为25μs)和常规高压脉冲放电(上升沿为5μs)的脉冲波形、单脉冲能量、脉冲功率、对苯胺的降解效果、能量利用率以及发射光谱的差异。实验结果表明,窄前沿高压脉冲和常规高压脉冲放电的单脉冲能量分别为0.0078 J和0.016 J,脉冲功率分别为1.02 W和1.285 W,放电60 min后对苯胺的降解率分别为90%和55%,前者的能量利用率是后者的2.06倍。利用多通道光纤光谱仪在气相放电中检测到5种活性物质,分别是O、O+、N2、N和·OH,且窄前沿脉冲产生活性物质的信号强度高于常规脉冲。 相似文献
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真空紫外光臭氧降解偏二甲肼的研究 总被引:7,自引:0,他引:7
研究比较了臭氧氧化(O3)、紫外臭氧(O3/UV)和真空紫外臭氧(O3/VUV)对推进剂——偏二甲肼的处理效果,O3/VUV最为有效,反应速率常数分别比O3/UV和O3高39.8%和65.6%,中间产物——甲醛去除得更迅速,反应50 min即无法检出。初始pH 9时,O3/VUV降解偏二甲肼的速率最快,达到0.4461 min-1;反应速率常数随臭氧投加量的增加而线性增大;随偏二甲肼初始浓度从100 mg/L增加到2 000 mg/L,反应动力学由一级转为零级。碳酸盐浓度在0~2 mmol/L范围内对O3/VUV降解偏二甲肼没有明显的抑制作用。偏二甲肼的无机氮产物以氨离子为主,无机氮只占总氮的40%~60%,说明仍有相当比例的氮以有机氮形式存在。 相似文献
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金融危机爆发以来,我国企业尤其是中小企业受到了严重影响,国家为了保证中小企业的健康发展,中央政府、各地政府及各级商业银行相继出台了多项措施,来帮助小企业融资。其中部分措施在执行过程中无形中增加了商业银行的中小企业信贷风险。结合当前的金融危机背景,通过分析国家出台的政策给商业银行带来的信贷风险,分别从不同角度就如何加强当前商业银行的信贷风险控制进行了研究。 相似文献