"三法三卡"在安全管理中的应用

“三法”指“职业健康保障法-H法”、“职业安全保障法-S法”、“环境保护法-E法”;“三卡”指“安全作业指导卡-MS卡”、“岗位有害因素信息卡-HI卡”、“岗位作业安全检查卡-DI卡”。     

Fenton法处理中年垃圾渗滤液双氧水利用率及处理效率

采用Fenton法氧化处理中年垃圾渗滤液生化出水,对影响双氧水利用率及CODCr去除率的各种因素,进行了研究。结果表明:Fenton法氧化处理中年垃圾渗滤液生化出水的最佳初始pH值为7,H2O2/Fe2+为4∶1,双氧水的经济投加量为0.05 mol/L,反应时间为3.5 h,混合催化剂可提高双氧水的利用率。CODCr去除率可达80.5%,双氧水利用率为153.9%,处理出水可达到垃圾渗滤液的二级排放标准。     

Cd~(2+)对BY-2细胞的毒性机制及水杨酸的缓解作用

镉对生态环境的危害表现出对植物这种定生生物的毒害性。以绿色荧光蛋白(GFP)膜泡标记的烟草BY-2细胞为实验材料,分别在荧光显微镜和激光共聚焦显微镜下观察了Cd2+对植物细胞的毒害作用和机制,并研究了水杨酸(SA)处理对Cd2+植物细胞毒害的缓解作用。研究发现激光共聚焦显微镜可以观察到Cd2+处理3 h后细胞荧光亮度减弱,6 h时细胞皱缩和液泡缩小,9 h细胞大多死亡。在Cd2+胁迫同时加入SA,可显著提高细胞成活时间,荧光亮度增强、液泡化程度加大,同时能够观察到荧光标记的细胞膜包裹Cd2+的高荧光颗粒。SA处理的细胞还通过高度液泡化来缓解重金属Cd2+的毒性。结果表明具有生物活性的SA诱导细胞的液泡化,并通过膜成分对重金属的包裹和结合进一步降低了重金属对植物细胞的毒害。因此水杨酸缓解重金属对植物细胞的毒性,是通过诱导细胞的液泡化和膜对重金属离子的包裹束缚而实现的。     

Acute toxicity assessment of drinking water source with luminescent bacteria: Impact of environmental conditions and a case study in Luoma Lake,East China

• Acute toxicity assessment was conducted in Luoma lake watershed, East China. • Impacts of environmental factors on the toxicity testing was fully evaluated. • Dissolve oxygen had a weak positive correlation with luminescence inhibition rate. Protecting the quality of lake watersheds by preventing and reducing their contamination is an effective approach to ensure the sustainability of the drinking water supply. In this study, acute toxicity assessment was conducted on the basis of acute bioluminescence inhibition assay using the marine bacterium Vibrio fischeri as the test organism and Luoma Lake drinking water source in East China as the research target. The suitable ranges of environmental factors, including pH value, organic matter, turbidity, hardness, and dissolved oxygen of water samples were evaluated for the toxicity testing of bioluminescent bacteria. The physicochemical characteristics of water samples at the selected 43 sites of Luoma Lake watershed were measured. Results showed that the variations in pH value (7.31–8.41), hardness (5–20 °d) and dissolved oxygen (4.44–11.03 mg/L) of Luoma Lake and its main inflow and outflow rivers had negligible impacts on the acute toxicity testing of V. fischeri. The luminescence inhibition rates ranged from -11.21% to 10.80% at the 43 sites. Pearson’s correlation analysis in the experiment revealed that temperature, pH value, hardness, and turbidity had no correlation with luminescence inhibition rate, whereas dissolved oxygen showed a weak statistically positive correlation with a Pearson correlation coefficient of 0.455 (p<0.05).     

熔盐蒸发器管板封口焊缝泄漏原因分析

某光热电站熔盐蒸发器入口侧管板封口焊缝发生泄漏,通过表面检测和观察,发现裂纹是从封口焊缝根部发展,并从根部向外扩展的。根据裂纹扩展方向和运行数据进行综合分析认为,熔盐蒸发器在未正确操作下导致在极短时间内管板下部表面升温过快,造成封口焊缝局部热应力过大。在焊缝残余应力、工作应力和热应力共同作用下,管板下部封口焊缝根部产生裂纹并扩展至焊缝表面,形成贯穿性裂纹,造成蒸发器管板泄漏。     

脱硝性能V2O5-WO3-CeO2/TiO2催化剂的制备及其

采用一步浸渍法和分步浸渍法分别制备了V_2O_5-WO_3-CeO_2/TiO_2催化剂,考查了其脱硝性能、抗SO_2中毒性能和脱硝活性稳定性,并通过SEM、EDS、XRD、激光拉曼等技术对催化剂进行了表征。实验结果表明:分步浸渍法制备的催化剂的脱硝活性优于一步浸渍法,且抗SO_2中毒能力更强;在m(V_2O_5)∶m(WO_3)∶m(CeO_2)∶m(TiO_2)=1∶5∶10∶100时催化剂脱硝活性最佳,且具有良好的脱硝活性稳定性。表征结果显示,分步浸渍法与一步浸渍法制备的催化剂晶型结构相差不大,而分步浸渍法制备的催化剂颗粒粒径更小、更均匀,催化剂中Ce、O、V和W元素的含量更高。     

Coking wastewater treatment for industrial reuse purpose：Combining biological processes with ultrafiltration, nanofiltration and reverse osmosis

A full-scale plant using anaerobic, anoxic and oxic processes (A1/A2/O), along with a pilot-scale membrane bioreactor (MBR), nanofiltration (NF) and reverse osmosis (RO) integrated system developed by Shanghai Baosteel Chemical Co. Ltd., was investigated to treat coking wastewater for industrial reuse over a period of one year. The removals reached 82.5% (COD), 89.6% (BOD), 99.8% (ammonium nitrogen), 99.9% (phenol), 44.6% (total cyanide (T-CN)), 99.7% (thiocyanide (SCN-)) and 8.9% (fluoride), during the A1/A2/O biological treatment stage, and all parameters were further reduced by over 96.0%, except for fluoride (86.4%), in the final discharge effluent from the currently operating plant. The pilot-scale MBR process reduced the turbidity to less than 0.65 NTU, and most of the toxic organic compounds were degraded or intercepted by the A1/A2/O followed MBR processes. In addition, parameters including COD, T-CN, total nitrogen, fluoride, chloride ion, hardness and conductivity were significantly reduced by the NF-RO system to a level suitable for industrial reuse, with a total water production ratio of 70.7%. However, the concentrates from the NF and RO units were highly polluted and should be disposed of properly or further treated before being discharged.     

Insight into selective removal of copper from high-concentration nickel solutions with XPS and DFT: New technique to prepare 5N-nickel with chelating resin

An efficient and profitable separation process was proposed to prepare 5N(the purity of the metal solution reaches 99.999%) high-purity nickel from 3N nickel-solutions using Purolite S984. The adsorption performance of this superior resin, especially its selectivity for metal ions,was explored quantitatively. The maximum adsorption capacity for copper was 2.286 mmol/g calculated by the Langmuir model, which was twice as large as that for nickel. In the binary systems, the adsorption capacity for nickel was decreased by 45%, indicating direct competition for the active sites. The infinite separation factor for copper versus nickel exceeded 300, revealing the feasibility of preparing5N-level high-purity nickel solutions, which was further verified using the 800 BV(bed volume) effluent in the column dynamic process.According to the cost–benefit analysis, purification contributed to a profit of approximately 60,000 USD per cycle, and the investment return period was less than 1/3 years. Density functional theory analysis confirmed that four nitrogen atoms would be involved in the coordination complex and thus a structure involving two five-membered rings could be achieved. The X-ray photoelectron spectra confirmed the involvement of nitrogen atoms,implying a coordination ratio of approximately 1:1.