HAN阻隔防爆模型研究

通过合理简化,利用多方气体状态方程,分别建立油品储运容器内可燃混合气体定容爆炸模型和装设阻隔防爆材料的油品储运容器内可燃混合气体爆炸模型,获得了阻隔防爆性能测试装置的燃爆容器抗爆设计限值,以及其在HAN阻隔防爆测试中燃爆容器试爆压力量级的控制下限值,同时,还给出HAN工程应用中容器留空率的计算方法,具有实际指导意义。     

甲苯对土壤芳基硫酸酯酶活性的影响

甲苯作为土壤酶测定的前处理试剂及许多有机污染物在环境中降解的中间产物,有关其对土壤酶的影响研究在土壤酶学和环境科学领域具有重要意义.因此,采用模拟方法,较系统地研究了不同剂量甲苯和处理时间下芳基硫酸酯酶活性的变化规律.结果表明,甲苯对纯酶具有明显的抑制作用,酶活性降幅最大达到45.5%;灭菌土壤对溶液中的纯酶有很强的吸附能力;极微量的甲苯即可完成对土壤中酶活性的激活作用,酶活性增幅为109%～298%;随着甲苯剂量的增加,土壤酶活性的变化幅度逐渐趋缓,并可用Langmuir模型较好地拟合,由此获得了最大表观酶活性Umax,发现其与土壤性质显著相关,说明甲苯主要是通过杀死土壤中的微生物来影响土壤酶活性的.此外,初步探讨了不同土壤中胞外酶量与胞内酶量的关系,发现在供试土样中土壤芳香硫酸酯酶胞外酶和胞内酶分别占54.4%和45.6%.本研究可为后续土壤酶测定质量的完善和提高提供依据.     

The prediction of safe lifting behavior: an application of the theory of planned behavior

PROBLEM: Injuries resulting from lifting are costly, and create significant pain and discomfort. While engineering controls are the most effective means of reducing risks, most organizations continue to rely on manual lifting techniques. The problem, however, is that the use of safe-lifting techniques is inconsistent and managers have a difficult time motivating use of these techniques. Consequently, it is important to understand the factors driving safe-lifting behaviors. METHODS: This study used a survey to apply the theory of planned behavior (Ajzen., I., 1991. The theory of planned behavior. Organization Behavior and Human Processes, 50, 179-211) to safe-lifting among 136 materials management employees at a heavy manufacturing organization. Structural equation modeling and factor analysis were employed to analyze relationships among constructs. RESULTS: Results revealed that perceived behavioral control and intention were the strongest predictors of safe-lifting behavior. Subjective norms, to a lesser degree, were also important influences on intention. Attitudes did not surface as effective direct predictors of safe-lifting behavior, but did affect behavior and intent via mediating factors (subjective norms and perceived behavioral control). Finally, the theory of planned behavior was supported as an effective model explaining safe-lifting behavior, and had potential application for many other safety-related behaviors. IMPACT ON INDUSTRY: Results from this study emphasize the importance of perceived behavioral control as a factor associated with safety-related behavior.     

中美两国经济发展与铜消费量对比研究

发达国家的发展过程表明,经济增长与铜消费量密切相关。本文由IPAT方程推导了铜消费指标与GDP间的关系式,得出GDP的年增长率（g）的单位GDP铜消费量的年下降率（t）是影响铜消费量变化的两个重要参数。给出了中、美两国铜消费指标与GDP间的关系曲线;中国1960-2004年间单位GDP的铜消费量并未形成明显的上升或下降趋势;美国1941-2004年间单位GDP铜消费量的变化总体上逐年降低,1941年为17.80kg/10^4USD,2003年为2.56kg/10^4USD,单位GDP的铜消费量降低近7倍。对应不同的单位GDP铜消费量年下降率的假设,估计了未来25年内中国经济增长与铜消费指标间的关系以及单位GDP铜消费量降低的倍数。     

钢筋混凝土旧工业厂房主体结构的改造加固风险研究

为探索钢筋混凝土旧工业厂房的改造与加固风险,进行了实地调研和基础理论研究,借助SPSS 22.0统计软件对32个二级指标进行筛选,确立6个方面29个指标的改造加固风险评价指标体系,运用结构方程模型（SEM）实证分析关键影响因素及其作用路径。研究结果表明:设计方案、结构特征和施工技术对改造加固风险具有影响;结构特征与设计方案之间的强关联形成了隐性且重要的风险路径。基于关键影响因素及因素间关联关系,对宝鸡市某U型厂房主体结构加固实例提出建议,为此类项目的改造施工提供理论依据。     

Theoretical equation of gas desorption of particle coal under the non-uniform pressure condition and its analytical solution

Based on the second Fick’s law, the theoretical equation of gas desorption of particle coal under the non-uniform pressure condition was developed in this paper. The analytical solution of the theoretical equation and the method of gas desorption quantity of particle coal under non-uniform pressure condition were obtained.     

预测有机废气在活性半焦上吸附量的实验研究

以甲苯和苯组成的双组分气体作为吸附质,活性半焦作为吸附剂在20℃下进行吸附实验,测定该混合气体在活性半焦上的平衡吸附量;再利用纯组分甲苯和苯在活性半焦上的Langmuir吸附等温线,运用Extend-Langmuir(E-L)方程预测双组分气体在活性半焦上的平衡吸附量,并与实验值进行对比.实验结果表明,E-L方程对于预测甲苯-苯双组分气体在活性半焦上的总平衡吸附量要比各组分吸附量准确,平均相对误差仅为1.40％,最大相对误差为3.32％.     

建筑安全事故防范认知与主体身份特征关系诊断研究

为进一步研究建筑安全主体的身份特征对建筑安全事故防范认知的影响,通过分析现有文献,对建筑安全主体身份特征、建筑安全管理认知、建筑安全技术措施认知和建筑安全事故防范认知4个因素分别进行探讨,并提出其相互之间的关系假设。基于结构方程模型(SEM)方法,构建由4个因子16个观测变量组成的指标体系。采用LISREL8.53软件,验证因子及观测变量之间的关系。个案研究结果表明,主体身份特征对建筑安全管理认知、安全技术措施认知和建筑安全事故防范认知具有较强的社会属性效应,主体身份特征通过建筑安全管理认知、安全技术措施认知对建筑安全事故防范认知的正效应也比较明显。重塑建筑安全主体社会属性、加强安全管理和技术措施教育,均能有效提高建筑安全事故防范认知。     

Structural equation model analysis for the evaluation of overall driving performance: A driving simulator study focusing on driver distraction

Objective: The present research relies on 2 main objectives. The first is to investigate whether latent model analysis through a structural equation model can be implemented on driving simulator data in order to define an unobserved driving performance variable. Subsequently, the second objective is to investigate and quantify the effect of several risk factors including distraction sources, driver characteristics, and road and traffic environment on the overall driving performance and not in independent driving performance measures.

Methods: For the scope of the present research, 95 participants from all age groups were asked to drive under different types of distraction (conversation with passenger, cell phone use) in urban and rural road environments with low and high traffic volume in a driving simulator experiment. Then, in the framework of the statistical analysis, a correlation table is presented investigating any of a broad class of statistical relationships between driving simulator measures and a structural equation model is developed in which overall driving performance is estimated as a latent variable based on several individual driving simulator measures.

Results: Results confirm the suitability of the structural equation model and indicate that the selection of the specific performance measures that define overall performance should be guided by a rule of representativeness between the selected variables. Moreover, results indicate that conversation with the passenger was not found to have a statistically significant effect, indicating that drivers do not change their performance while conversing with a passenger compared to undistracted driving. On the other hand, results support the hypothesis that cell phone use has a negative effect on driving performance. Furthermore, regarding driver characteristics, age, gender, and experience all have a significant effect on driving performance, indicating that driver-related characteristics play the most crucial role in overall driving performance.

Conclusions: The findings of this study allow a new approach to the investigation of driving behavior in driving simulator experiments and in general. By the successful implementation of the structural equation model, driving behavior can be assessed in terms of overall performance and not through individual performance measures, which allows an important scientific step forward from piecemeal analyses to a sound combined analysis of the interrelationship between several risk factors and overall driving performance.     

矿工心理因素、工作压力反应和不安全行为关系研究

为研究在巨大工作压力下，矿工的心理因素与工作压力反应和不安全行为的关系，以问卷的形式调查陕西省2家具代表性煤矿的工人，分别以矿工的心理因素、工作压力反应和作业过程中的不安全行为作为外生变量、中介变量和内生变量，构建心理因素、压力反应和不安全行为的结构方程模型。通过对调研数据处理与分析，得出如下结论:本研究中的4项心理因素，性格因素、心理素质、注意力和工作态度显著影响不安全行为的发生；性格因素、心理素质和注意力对压力反应有显著影响；工作态度与煤矿工人的压力反应的关系不显著；性格因素、心理素质、注意力和工作态度通过影响矿工的压力反应，间接影响矿工的不安全行为。