苏南地区新近沉积土的动剪切模量比与阻尼比--试验研究

苏南地区的场地土主要为漫滩相、湖沼相或冲湖相新近沉积软弱土，结构松散，沉积零乱，成分复杂，饱水可液化粉细砂层及粉土层较为发育，在地震或动力荷载的作用下有可能发生软土震陷或砂土液化。通过对苏南地区淤泥质粉质粘土、粘土、粉质粘土、粉质粘土与粉细砂互层土、粉土、粉砂、细砂和中粗砂等8类新近沉积土155个原状土样历时4年的试验研究，给出了该地区上述8类新近沉积土的动剪切模量比G／Gmax和阻尼比D随剪应变幅值γ变化的平均拟合曲线及其参数的推荐值。为便于一般工程应用，给出了这8类新近沉积土的G/Gmax-γ，和D—γ关系曲线的推荐值及其标准差。     

CHANNEL INSTABILITY IN THE LOESS AREA OF THE MIDWESTERN UNITED STATES1

ABSTRACT: The bess area of the midwestern United States contains thousands of miles of unstable stream channels that are undergoing system‐wide channel‐adjustment processes as a result of (1) modifications to drainage basins dating back to the turn of the 20th century, including land clearing and poor soil‐conservation practices, which caused the filling of stream channels, and consequently (2) direct, human modifications to stream channels such as dredging and straightening to improve drainage conditions and reduce the frequency of out‐of‐bank flows. Today, many of these channels are still highly unstable and threaten bridges, other structures, and land adjacent to the channels. The most severe, widespread instabilities are in western Iowa where a thick cap of bess and the lack of sand‐and gravel‐sized bed sediments in many channels hinders downstream aggradation, bed‐level recovery and the consequent reduction of bank heights, and renewed bank stability. In contrast, streams draining west‐central Illinois, east‐central Iowa, and other areas, where the bess cap is relatively thin and there are ample supplies of sand‐and gravel‐sized material, are closer to recovery. Throughout the region, however, channel widening by mass‐wasting processes is the dominant adjustment process.     

Municipal sludge as landfill barrier material

The aim of this research is to find substitute barrier materials for natural clay from two kinds of municipal sludge: waterworks sludge( Sw ) and dredging sludge( Sd ). Laboratory tests were performed firstly to determine their Atterberg limits and hydraulic conductivity.Based on the results, the use of waterworks sludge was recommended. Then, shear strength tests were performed and it was found the shear resistance property of waterworks sludge is strong enough to maintain slope stability. In order to evaluate the possibility of secondary pollution, the heavy metal contents of waterworks sludge was determined and the results indicated that secondary pollution is unlikely happened. Finally, economic analysis proves that reusing waterworks sludge as barrier will reduce the lost a great for both landfill and waterworks. Based on the results, waterworks sludge was proposed to use and a further long-term simulated landfill test was suggested.     

长期冻融循环下固化铅锌镉复合重金属污染土抗剪强度及浸出特征研究

为了评估长期冻融循环后(最长90d (次))固化复合重金属污染土的的抗剪强度及浸出特征,采用水泥、生石灰和粉煤灰按比例混合的复合固化剂固化/稳定化铅锌镉复合重金属污染土进行三轴压缩试验及毒性特征浸出程序试验.结果表明,固化污染土体的内摩擦角仅在冻融循环3次内有明显增加,增加率高达96.3%;粘聚力在冻融循环30次内总体趋势不断下降,之后无显著变化,最终下降率达到54.23%;Pb²⁺、Zn²⁺、Cd²⁺浸出浓度与冻融循环次数呈正比;EC值与冻融循环次数在总体上正相关;长期冻融循环作用后浸出液的pH值降低.并通过扫描电子显微镜,进一步探究长期冻融循环下固化污染土抗剪强度及浸出特征的劣化机理,结果显示在冻融循环后期固化土体内生成了大量的延迟钙矾石,这些延迟钙矾石在形成过程中的膨胀作用是引起抗剪强度损失、重金属浸出浓度升高的主要原因.     

循环荷载作用下粗粒料与掺砾粘土接触面单剪试验研究

土石坝内部存在较多的接触面,在静、动力荷载作用下,接触面的力学特性对坝体的稳定性具有显著的影响.基于动态单剪仪,开展了粗粒料与掺砾粘土接触面循环单剪试验.试验结果表明,初始剪应力加载方向对相对位移有较大影响:相对位移总是在沿初始剪应力加载方向一侧较大;在一个剪切循环内,正、反向加载时,若剪应力较小,发生剪缩变形,若剪应...     

T213数值预报产品对云南秋季强降水预报能力检验

利用Micaps系统下的T213数值预报产品从环流背景、散度场、温度场、水汽通量和降水预报对2005年10月29日云南中部及以南地区暴雨天气进行分析,结果表明:T213数值预报UV场对这次强降水的中低层影响系统切变的位置作了准确预报,强降水区的预报范围与实况接近,散度场、温度场、水汽通量对强降水天气有较好的预报指示意义.     

剪切应力对好氧颗粒污泥形态结构和微生物活性的影响机制研究

对不同剪切应力(0.189、0.267、0.327和0.377 N/m2)下4个序批式反应器(SBR)中好氧颗粒污泥的形态结构、比耗氧速率(SOUR)以及胞外聚合物进行了对比分析.结果表明,好氧颗粒污泥具有稳定的基本形态特征,其微生物主要由杆菌、球菌和丝状菌组成;其中杆菌能承受高剪切作用.是剪切应力为0.377 N/m2时的优势菌群.4个反应器中污泥粒径分布范围分别为0.2-0.5、0.5-1.5、0.5-1.5和0.3-0.5 mm;SOUR分别为34.54、40.08、46.26和46.42 mg/(g·h),胞外多聚糖分别为59.71、66-81、80.88和109.99 mg/g,胞外蛋白质分别为9.29、9.80、12.35和17.02 mg/g.好氧颗粒污泥比耗氧速率SOUR和胞外聚合物与剪切应力有很好的正相关性.确定了好氧颗粒污泥微生物活性与剪切应力的响应关系.     

饥饿期间增加曝气量好氧颗粒污泥的形成特点

高有机负荷率8.0kgCOD(/m3·d)条件下,通过两种不同的曝气方式研究好氧颗粒污泥的形成特点,即在反应器R1中采用恒定的曝气流量,而在反应器R2中,30min曝气后,进行沉淀和排水,然后采用较大的曝气流量进行曝气。研究发现:(1)外部基质在前30min被快速降解,其溶解性有机碳DOC基本被消耗到最低水平;(2)在中途排水后的饥饿状态下增加曝气量的反应器R2相对于曝气量一直不变且中途未排水的R1而言,颗粒变的大而疏松,即:在R2中颗粒尺寸>0.9mm占有93%,而颗粒密度均<1.016g/mL。(3)反应器R2在饥饿状态下增加曝气量可以使胞外多聚物(EPS)糖类被当作基质被消耗。     

温度作用下混凝土拼接桥梁拼接缝界面剪应力研究*

为探究拼宽混凝土桥梁在温度效应下连接缝位置产生的界面剪应力问题,考虑施工过程中现浇拼接缝混凝土各项参数的变化,以某高速公路拼接桥梁为研究对象,基于初等梁理论提出1种考虑纵向温度应力的拼宽桥梁界面剪应力力学模型。结果表明:拼接缝混凝土弹性模量的改变对拼接缝界面剪应力的数值和分布形态影响较小;新梁和旧梁的线膨胀系数差异越大拼接缝界面剪应力越大;研究得到不同拼宽宽度下拼宽桥界面局部剪切柔度修订值的变化规律,并拟合变化公式。     

Effect of solid contents on the controlled shear stress rheological properties of different types of sludge

Controlled shear stress (CSS) test was used to study the effect of solid contents on the corresponding rheological parameters for sludge. Three types of sludge with or without conditioning, including activated sludge (AS), anaerobic digested sludge (ADS), and water treatment residuals (WTRs), were collected for the CSS test. Results showed that the yield stress and the cohesion energy of the sludge networks were improved with increased total suspending solid (TSS) contents in most cases. For the conditioned AS/ADS and the raw WTRs, exponential law was observed in the relationships between cohesion energy of material networks or yield stress and the TSS contents, whereas for the conditioned WTRs, only exponential law dependence was found between the parameters of shear modulus or critical strain and the TSS contents.