数字播报

<正>3600万人据人力资源社会保障部会同住建部、国家安监总局、全国总工会日前出台的《关于进一步做好建筑业工伤保险工作的意见》要求,将全国3 600万建筑业农民工纳入工伤保险。该意见明确,建筑施工企业对企业固定职工要按用人单位方式参加工伤保险;对不能按用人单位参保的用工特别是农民工,可以按建设项目方式参保,并可在各项     

李克强:把节能减排指标和经济发展指标放一起

<正>2015年3月15日,十二届全国人大三次会议闭幕后,国务院总理李克强会见中外记者并回答记者提出的问题时,谈及治理雾霾与经济发展问题,国务院总理李克强首先作了个声明:"今年的政府工作报告有很大变动,就是把节能减排的指标和主要经济社会发展指标放在一起,放在很靠前的位置,     

饮用水中挥发酚的测定

用分光光度法测定水中的挥发酚时,通过对实验方法及4-氨基安替吡啉溶液配制的改进,达到了简化操作步骤和降低检出限的目的。此方法达到了国家标准规定的要求,并对该方法的准确度和精密度进行了验证。结果表明,此方法准确可靠,在样品检测中优于原方法。     

4-AAP萃取光度法与直接光度法测定挥发酚在油田回注水中的应用比较

油田环境监测站在油田回注水挥发酚的测定中,一直采用4-氨基安替比林萃取分光光度法(与GB7490-87等效)。环保部2009年发布实施的《水质挥发酚的测定4-氨基安替比林分光光度法HJ 503-2009代替GB 7490-87》后,采用4-氨基安替比林直接分光光度法测定油田回注水中的挥发酚。通过两种方法的应用比较,表明直接分光光度法更适合于油田回注水中挥发酚的测定。     

UASB处理生物柴油废水的效果研究

采用升流式厌氧污泥床(UASB)工艺处理地沟油回收制备生物柴油废水,通过试验研究了UASB反应器各个阶段对该类废水的处理效果,并考察了甲基磺酸、对甲基苯磺酸两种预酯化催化剂对该类废水处理效果的影响。结果表明:当进水COD为15g/L、容积负荷为15kg/(m3·d)时,UASB反应器COD的去除率稳定在87%左右,出水VFA为4~6mmol/L,沼气产量为16.8L/d;当容积负荷稳定在5kg/(m3·d),进水甲基磺酸浓度为5500mg/L时,UASB反应器COD的去除率达83%以上,进水对甲基苯磺酸浓度为1 000mg/L时,UASB反应器COD的去除率为58.3%,从废水处理的难易程度角度考虑,建议采用甲基磺酸为预酯化催化剂。     

对硝基苯胺耐盐降解菌S8的筛选及特性研究

从江苏农药厂活性污泥中筛选出1株能以对硝基苯胺为唯一碳源和氮源生长代谢的耐盐降解菌S8.通过对其形态特征、生理生化特性以及16S rDNA序列分析,确定为枯草芽孢杆菌(Bacillus subtilis).研究表明,该菌株具有较强的对硝基苯胺降解能力.当温度31℃和pH 6.0时,S8在72 h内对60 mg·L-1和120 mg·L-1对硝基苯胺的降解率分别为65.6%和55.8%.在高盐条件下,S8仍有较强的降解能力,当盐含量为7%时,对硝基苯胺降解率为49.5%(72 h);当盐含量为10%时,对硝基苯胺降解率为27.4%(72 h).利用LC-MS法分析降解产物时,共发现6种分子量不同的化合物,其中两种为苯酚及对苯二酚.此为首次关于对硝基苯胺耐盐菌株的研究报道,菌株S8可用于含有对硝基苯胺的高盐工业废水的微生物修复.     

汶川地震生态环境影响及对策

汶川地震对生态环境造成的严重影响 2008年5月12日,四川汶川发生了8．0级大地震,给人民生命财产造成了巨大经济损失,也给生态环境带来了重大破坏。     

对硝基苯胺的光化学降解研究

系统研究了氙灯和高压汞灯照射下对硝基苯胺(PNA)在蒸馏水、人工海水和天然海水中的光化学降解情况.结果表明,PNA光降解速率会受到光源、溶液介质、温度、起始浓度、重金属离子、甲醇及过氧化氢浓度的影响.随着光源强度的增强、起始浓度的增大、温度的增高和过氧化氢量的增加,PNA在海水中光降解速率相应加快;然而甲醇的加入可有效...     

Removal of phosphate by Fe-coordinated amino-functionalized 3D mesoporous silicates hybrid materials

Phosphate removal from aqueous waste streams is an important approach to control the eutrophication downstream bodies of water. A Fe(III) coordinated amino-functionalized silicate adsorbent for phosphate adsorption was synthesized by a post-grafting and metal cation incorporation process. The surface structure of the adsorbent was characterized by X-ray di raction, N2 adsoropion/desoprotion technique, and Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy. The experimental results showed that the adsorption equilibrium data were well fitted to the Langmuir equation. The maximum adsorption capacity of the modified silicate material was 51.8 mg/g. The kinetic data from the adsorption of phosphate were fitted to pseudo second-order model. The phosphate adsorption was highly pH dependent and the relatively high removal of phosphate fell within the pH range 3.0–6.0. The coexistence of other anions in solutions has an adverse e ect on phosphate adsorption; a decrease in adsorption capacity followed the order of exogenous anions: F?? > SO2?? 4 > NO??3 > Cl??. In addition, the adsorbed phosphate could be desorbed by NaOH solutions. This silicate adsorbent with a large adsorption capacity and relatively high selectivity could be utilized for the removal of phosphate from aqueous waste streams or in aquatic environment.     

Effects of metal cations on sorption-desorption of p-nitrophenol onto wheat ash

The mutual e ects of metal cations (Cu2+, Pb2+, Zn2+, and Cd2+) and p-nitrophenol (NP) on their adsorption desorption behavior onto wheat ash were studied. Results suggested that Cu2+, Pb2+, and Zn2+ diminished the adsorption and increased the desorption of NP remarkably, while Cd2+ had no such e ect. In contrast, NP diminished the adsorption of Cu2+, Pb2+, and Zn2+ onto ash, however, this suppression e ect depended on the initial concentrations of metal cations. NP had no e ect on Cd2+ adsorption on ash. Fourier transform infrared (FT-IR) and X-ray absorption spectroscopic (XAS) studies suggested the following mechanisms responsible for the metal suppression e ect on NP adsorption: (1) large hydrated Cu2+, Pb2+, and Zn2+ shells occupied the surface of ash and prevent nonspecific adsorption of NP onto ash surface; (2) Cu2+, Pb2+, and Zn2+ may block the micropores of ash, resulting in decreased adsorption of NP; (3) complexation of Cu2+, Pb2+, and Zn2+ was likely via carboxyl, hydroxylic and phenolic groups of wheat ash and these same groups may also react with NP during adsorption. As a “soft acid”, Cd2+ is less e cient in the complexation of oxygencontaining acid groups than Cu2+, Pb2+, and Zn2+. Thus, Cd2+ had no e ect on the adsorption of NP on wheat ash.