Photocatalytic activity of Fe-doped CaTiO3 under UV-visible light

The photocatalytic degradation of methylene blue（MB） over Fe-doped CaTiO3 under UV-visible light was investigated. The as-prepared samples were characterized using X-ray diffraction（XRD）, scanning electron microscope（SEM） equipped with an energy dispersive spectrometer（EDS） system, Fourier transform infrared spectra（FT-IR）, and UV-visible diffuse reflectance spectroscopy（DRS）. The results show that the doping with Fe significantly promoted the light absorption ability of CaTiO3 in the visible light region. The Fe-doped CaTiO3 exhibited higher photocatalytic activity than CaTiO3 for the degradation of MB.However, the photocatalytic activity of the Fe-doped CaTiO3 was greatly influenced by the calcination temperature during the preparation process. The Fe-doped CaTiO3 prepared at500°C exhibited the best photocatalytic activity, with degradation of almost 100% MB（10 ppm）under UV-visible light for 180 min.     

Ultrasonic preparation of nano-nickel/activated carbon composite using spent electroless nickel plating bath and application in degradation of 2,6-dichlorophenol

Ni was effectively recovered from spent electroless nickel （EN） plating baths by forming a nano-nickel coated activated carbon composite. With the aid of ultrasonication, melamine- formaldehyde-tetraoxalyl-ethylenediamine chelating resins were grafted on activated carbon （MFT/AG）. PdC12 sol was adsorbed on MFT/AC, which was then immersed in spent electroless nickel plating bath; then nano-nickel could be reduced by ascorbic acid to form a nano-nickel coating on the activated carbon composite （Ni/AC） in situ. The materials present were carefully examined by Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy, X-ray diffraction, field emission scanning electron microscopy, X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy and electro- chemistry techniques. The resins were well distributed on the inside and outside surfaces of activated carbon with a size of 120 ± 30 nm in MFT/AC, and a great deal of nano-nickel particles were evenly deposited with a size of 3.8 ± 1.1 nm in Ni/MFT. Moreover, Ni/AC was successfully used as a catalyst for ultrasonic degradation of 2.6-dichloronhenol.     

Reaction mechanism and metal ion transformation in photocatalytic ozonation of phenol and oxalic acid with Ag+/TiO2

Photocatalytic ozonation of phenol and oxalic acid （OA） was conducted with a Ag^＋/TiO2 catalyst and different pathways were found for the degradation of different compounds. Ag^＋ greatly promoted the photocatalytic degradation of contaminants due to its role as an electron scavenger. It also accelerated the removal rate of OA in ozonation and the simultaneous process for its complex reaction with oxalate. Phenol could be degraded both in direct ozonation and photolysis, but the TOC removal rates were much higher in the simultaneous processes due to the oxidation of hydroxyl radicals resulting from synergetic effects. The sequence of photo-illumination and ozone exposure in the combined process showed quite different effects in phenol degradation and TOC removal. The synergetic effects in different combined processes were found to be highly related to the properties of the target pollutants. The color change of the solution and TEM result confirmed that Ag＋ was easily reduced and deposited on the surface of Tit2 under photo-illumination, and dissolved again into solution in the presence of ozone. This simple cycle of enrichment and distribution of Ag^＋ can greatly benefit the design of advanced oxidation processes, in which the sequences of ozone and photo-illumination can be varied according to the needs for catalyst recycling and the different properties of pollutants.     

江苏省人为源挥发性有机物排放清单

掌握VOCs排放特征是研究区域大气复合污染特征和控制策略的前提.对江苏省VOCs人为源进行系统分类,收集活动水平数据,应用国内外排放因子研究成果及江苏省行业调研结果,采用排放因子法建立了江苏省2010年分行业、分城市的人为源VOCs排放清单.结果表明:江苏省人为源VOCs排放总量约为179.20×104t,其中化石燃料燃烧源、生物质燃烧源、工业过程源、溶剂使用源、移动源、油品储运源的排放量分别占排放总量的24.1%、3.3%、22.3%、25.3%、18.4%和6.6%,工业过程源中石油炼制、有机化工、医药制造是重点行业,溶剂使用源中机械装备制造、电子设备制造是重点行业.南京、苏州、无锡、常州、南通5个苏南城市VOCs排放量明显高于苏北和苏中地区,占全省总排放量的60.0%,苏州、南京、无锡排放量居前3位.各城市化石燃料燃烧源和移动源排放所占比例均超过10.0%,其他重点行业差异显著,其中南京市为石油炼制、有机化工,苏州市为有机化工、机械涂装,无锡市为有机化工、电子设备制造.     

贫营养条件下17β-雌二醇厌氧生物降解规律研究

17β-雌二醇作为环境甾体雌激素污染的主要污染物之一,广泛分布于自然环境中。采用批次实验,研究了在贫营养条件下17β-雌二醇厌氧生物降解规律。结果表明,在贫营养条件下,厌氧污泥对17β-雌二醇的去除率达到90%(35℃,76 d),且降解作用主要集中在快速降解阶段,降解规律符合一级降解动力学模型(R2=0.95);厌氧污泥对17β-雌二醇的去除主要是通过转化为雌性效力较低的雌酮,再由雌酮转化为其他的转化产物,如17α-雌二醇;Fe(Ⅲ)对17β-雌二醇的去除和转化没有显著的影响。接种污泥的内源代谢作用产生甲烷,Fe(Ⅲ)的存在可以提高甲烷的产率,但对甲烷的总量没有显著影响。     

厌氧共代谢分解难降解有机物的研究进展

文章介绍了厌氧共代谢的提出、作用机制、调控研究及应用现状,从共代谢技术的基质类型、菌群结构和代谢途径三方面综述了国内外有关厌氧共代谢作用机制的研究现状、发展趋势,并着重分析了厌氧共代谢的调控技术和应用情况,展望了厌氧共代谢技术的未来研究方向,为解决难降解有机污染物的治理瓶颈提供借鉴和参考。     

农田土壤酞酸酯的生物降解及真菌生长动态试验研究

室内模拟研究了农田土壤中酞酸酯(PAEs)含量、土壤基础呼吸量和真菌数量在PAEs降解过程中的变化。试验设对照(CK)、接种(JZ)和补种(BZ)3种处理,补接种的PAEs降解真菌(棒束梗霉属F3、芽枝状枝孢F4和爪哇正青霉F9)以每种2%的接种量加入土中,补种量与接种量相同,补种周期为20 d。结果表明,3种处理对土壤PAEs都有一定的降解作用,但接种和补种处理的土壤中4种复合PAEs总降解率分别比对照处理高出46.53%和51.54%。在试验周期内,补种处理的土壤麦角固醇含量维持在2.5~3.0μg/g,表明真菌数量稳定,而对照处理的土壤麦角固醇含量表现为先升高随后逐渐降低的趋势,60 d时下降到1.9μg/g;3种处理的土壤基础呼吸量也均呈下降趋势。因此,接种真菌可提高土壤PAEs的降解效率,而补种措施是保持土壤中真菌数量稳定的有效方法。     

MIL-101(Cr~(3+))可见光催化氧化降解甲基橙的研究

以金属有机多孔材料MIL-101(Cr3+)为非均相催化剂,过硫酸钠(Na2S2O8)为类Fenton体系的氧化剂,在可见光(300 W)下对甲基橙进行催化氧化降解研究。结果表明,MIL-101(Cr3+)在反应时间为120 min时对甲基橙降解率高达91.0%,且回收利用3次后仍表现出优异的降解性能(降解率达到81.0%)。同样条件下,把MIL-101(Cr3+)替换为TiO2或者不添加任何催化剂,甲基橙的降解率分别为25.6%和8.8%。采用紫外-可见漫反射光谱考察了常温下MIL-101(Cr3+)的禁带宽度大小,进一步证明其优异的光催化降解性能;同时还探讨了MIL-101(Cr3+)催化降解甲基橙的可能机理。     

高效去除难降解毒害污染物的零价铁技术装备

文章综述了可高效去除硝基芳烃、氯代有机物、毒害重金属等典型难降解毒害污染物的零价铁技术的降解机理及应用效能,重点总结了其技术装备的改良优化与集成强化方式,系统比较了多种技术装备及应用流程的性能优势及应用缺陷。进一步展望了该技术国内外的最新方向及应用前景。     

喹啉为单一燃料在填料型MFC的产电特性研究

多环芳烃是我国近岸海域水体和沉积物中需要优先控制的首位有机污染物,喹啉是典型的含氮杂环芳烃,具有较大的毒性、致畸性和潜在的致癌作用。该研究利用填料型MFC对单一喹啉为燃料的产电性能进行了研究。经过6个月利用喹啉和葡萄糖作混合燃料的驯化,MFC中的阳极群落发生了改变,可以利用单一喹啉进行产电,以200 mg/L喹啉为燃料时的最大体积功率密度为2.7 W/m3。在没有外加葡萄糖可能带来的协同共代谢作用下,利用单一喹啉做燃料时,对喹啉在MFC中的降解途径进行了研究。实验结果表明,以喹啉为燃料时,MFC可以在不利用有机物本身作为电子受体的作用下,通过外电路的电子传递完成电子从阳极到阴极的传递而达到相同的目的。