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51.
Fernández-Martínez G López-Vilariño JM López-Mahía P Muniategui-Lorenzo S Prada-Rodríguez D Abad E Rivera J 《Chemosphere》2004,57(1):67-71
In this work, the findings of the first assessment of polychlorinated dibenzo-p-dioxins and dibenzofurans (PCDD/Fs) in emissions releases to the atmosphere from coal-fired power plants are given. A total of five plants were selected for the study located at different provinces in Spain. In all the cases, the results revealed very low levels, in the range of 0.41 pg I-TEQ/Nm(3). The profile indicated in the majority of the cases predominance of highly chlorinated congeners being OCDD the most important contributor. The findings were also used to estimate contribution of PCDDs/PCDFs emitted from coal-fired power plants in Spain. Individual plant results revealed values below 0.02 g I-TEQ per year and plant. Nevertheless, considering the total coal consumption in Spain in 1997, the values are comparable to those reported in other countries in the range of 0.6-0.7 g I-TEQ per year. Moreover, emission factors were determined considering operating conditions of evaluated plants. In general, large variability was observed and values below 1-5 pg I-TEQ/kg coal were early reached. 相似文献
52.
Plans to increase the amount of irrigated land in Mediterranean countries should consider how changes in climate and land-use affect water resources. In this study, both precipitation and temperature were used to analyze regional trends in discharge in the basins of the Central Spanish Pyrenees since the mid-20th century. Annual variations in the relationship between precipitation and discharge suggested that discharge was relatively lower in the second half of the study period, coinciding with major changes in land use. On a monthly scale, precipitation increased significantly in October, April, and July, and decreased in March, and temperature increased in January and February and decreased in April. Nevertheless, discharge has decreased significantly in most months in the past 50 years. Land-use and plant-cover changes are the only nonclimatic factor that can explain the loss of around 30% of the average annual discharge. 相似文献
53.
Hernández-Huesca R Braos-García P Mérida-Robles J Maireles-Torres P Rodríguez-Castellón E Jiménez-López A 《Chemosphere》2002,48(4):467-474
A series of cobalt containing alumina pillared zirconium phosphate materials have been prepared by ion exchange or by impregnation, and fully characterised. The catalytic behaviour of these materials in the selective catalytic reduction of NO by propane, in excess of oxygen, at temperatures ranging between 350 and 550 degrees C, has been also evaluated. A maximum NO conversion close to 14% is obtained on Co-impregnated catalysts heated at 600 degrees C. The NO reduction seems to be related to the presence of Co3+, thus the calcination temperature of samples influences the resulting activity much more than the cobalt content. 相似文献
54.
García Hernández JE Notario del Pino JS González Martín MM Díaz Díaz R Febles González EJ 《Environmental pollution (Barking, Essex : 1987)》1995,88(3):355-359
The performance of phillipsite as a matrix for slow-release formulation of oxamyl [N,N-dimethyl-2-methylcarbamoyl-oxymino-2-(methylthio)acetamide] was tested. The adsorption kinetics followed a first-order law, and the adsorption isotherm fitted well in a two-surface Langmuir model, suggesting a double mechanism of interaction between oxamyl and the sorbent. The sorption mechanism, studied by FTIR, provided two fractions of oxamyl. The first one is sorbed on the mineral surface, linked by H-bonding, and the second one is constituted by a multilayer of oxamyl molecules linked by a water bridge between them. The release kinetics of oxamyl from a substratum zeolite-oxamyl also follows a first-order law, with two stages that correspond to both fractions of oxamyl previously detected. 相似文献
55.
Distribution of endocrine disruptors in the Llobregat River basin (Catalonia, NE Spain) 总被引:9,自引:0,他引:9
The Llobregat basin is a Mediterranean fluvial system with major agricultural, urban and industrial impacts. We combined chemical quantification by liquid chromatography–mass spectrometry with electrospray interface (LC-ESI-MS) and the recombinant yeast assay (RYA) assays to estimate the loads of endocrine disrupting compounds (EDCs) along the basin. Chemical analysis revealed maximum concentrations (at μg l−1 level) of alkylphenols at the lower course of the Llobregat River, which correlated with high levels of estrogenic activity detected by RYA. Analysis by RYA and LC-ESI-MS of influent and effluent waters from four sewage treatment plants (STP) discharging into the basin showed the removal of 80–95% of EDCs by STP treatment. Chemical analysis data and RYA data showed a quasi-linear correlation, demonstrating the complementariness of both methods. Our data suggest that the concentrations of the analysed compounds were enough to explain the total estrogenicity of water and STP samples from the Llobregat basin. 相似文献
56.
Marí a Fernanda HORST Veró nica LASSALLE Marí a Lujá n FERREIRA 《Frontiers of Environmental Science & Engineering》2015,9(5):746
Nanosized magnetite has emerged as an adsorbent of pollutants in water remediation. Nanoadsorbents include magnetic iron oxide and its modifiers/stabilizers, such as carbon, silica, clay, organic moieties (polymers, aminoacids, and fatty acids) and other inorganic oxides. This review is focused on the recent developments on the synthesis and use of magnetic nanoparticles and nanocomposites in the treatment of contaminated water. The emphasis is on the influence of the iron oxide modifiers on some properties of interest such as size, BET area, and magnetization. The characteristics of these nanomaterials are related to their ability to eliminate heavy metal ions and dyes from wastewater. Comparative analysis of the actual literature was performed aiming to present the magnetic material, its preparation methodology and performance in the elimination of the selected pollutants. Vast information has been properly summarized according to the materials, their properties and preferential affinity for selected contaminants. The mechanisms governing nanomaterial’s formation as well as the interactions with heavy metals and dyes have been carefully analyzed and associated to their efficiency. 相似文献
57.
The Salí River Basin in north-west Argentina (7,000 km2) is composed of a sequence of Tertiary and Quaternary loess deposits, which have been substantially reworked by fluvial and
aeolian processes. As with other areas of the Chaco-Pampean Plain, groundwater in the basin suffers a range of chemical quality
problems, including arsenic (concentrations in the range of 12.2–1,660 μg L−1), fluoride (50–8,740 μg L−1), boron (34.0–9,550 μg L−1), vanadium (30.7–300 μg L−1) and uranium (0.03–125 μg L−1). Shallow groundwater (depths up to 15 m) has particularly high concentrations of these elements. Exceedances above WHO (2011) guideline values are 100% for As, 35% for B, 21% for U and 17% for F. Concentrations in deep (>200 m) and artesian groundwater
in the basin are also often high, though less extreme than at shallow depths. The waters are oxidizing, with often high bicarbonate
concentrations (50.0–1,260 mg L−1) and pH (6.28–9.24). The ultimate sources of these trace elements are the volcanic components of the loess deposits, although
sorption reactions involving secondary Al and Fe oxides also regulate the distribution and mobility of trace elements in the
aquifers. In addition, concentrations of chromium lie in range of 79.4–232 μg L−1 in shallow groundwater, 129–250 μg L−1 in deep groundwater and 110–218 μg L−1 in artesian groundwater. All exceed the WHO guideline value of 50 μg L−1. Their origin is likely to be predominantly geogenic, present as chromate in the ambient oxic and alkaline aquifer conditions. 相似文献
58.
Gutiérrez-Villanueva JL Martín-Martín A Peña V Iniguez MP de Celis B de la Fuente R 《Journal of environmental radioactivity》2008,99(10):1520-1524
In situ gamma spectrometry provides a fast method to determine (137)Cs inventories in soils. To improve the accuracy of the estimates, one can use not only the information on the photopeak count rates but also on the peak to forward-scatter ratios. Before applying this procedure to field measurements, a calibration including several experimental simulations must be carried out in the laboratory. In this paper it is shown that Monte Carlo methods are a valuable tool to minimize the number of experimental measurements needed for the calibration. 相似文献
59.
Bazała MA Gołda K Bystrzejewska-Piotrowska G 《Journal of environmental radioactivity》2008,99(7):1200-1202
We present a new protocol to study fluxes of radionuclides and other xenobiotics in saprophytic fungi. This simple method has successfully been used to evaluate transport of radiocesium in hyphae of Pleurotus eryngii and its translocation to fruitbodies. 相似文献
60.
Measuring the Social Recreation Per-Day Net Benefit of the Wildlife Amenities of a National Park: A Count-Data Travel-Cost Approach 总被引:2,自引:0,他引:2
In this article, we apply count-data travel-cost methods to a truncated sample of visitors to estimate the Peneda-Gerês National
Park (PGNP) average consumer surplus (CS) for each day of visit. The measurement of recreation demand is highly specific because
it is calculated by number of days of stay per visit. We therefore propose the application of altered truncated count-data
models or truncated count-data models on grouped data to estimate a single, on-site individual recreation demand function,
with the price (cost) of each recreation day per trip equal to out-of-pocket and time travel plus out-of-pocket and on-site
time costs. We further check the sensitivity of coefficient estimations to alternative models and analyse the welfare measure
precision by using the delta and simulation methods by Creel and Loomis. With simulated limits, CS is estimated to be €194
(range €116 to €448). This information is of use in the quest to improve government policy and PNPG management and conservation
as well as promote nature-based tourism. To our knowledge, this is the first attempt to measure the average recreation net
benefits of each day of stay generated by a national park by using truncated altered and truncated grouped count-data travel-cost
models based on observing the individual number of days of stay. 相似文献