Organ differences in microsomes and cytosol metabolism of Aflatoxin B1 in piglets

In order to delineate the features of aflatoxin B1 (AFB1) metabolism in various organs of piglets, in vitro metabolism of AFB1 by microsomes and cytosol of the various piglet organs was studied. The AFB1 was converted efficiently to AFP1 by the kidney microsomes. A less efficient metabolism was noted from the AFB1 to AFQ1, AFM1, and aflatoxicol (AFL) in the various organs. The microsomal ability to form AFB1-DNA adduct was higher in liver when compared to the other organs. The cytosolic glutathione-S-transferase activity to convert AFB1-epoxide to AFB1-glutathione conjugate product was relatively higher in the liver and the small intestine. The reductase activity to convert AFB1-dialdehyde to AFB1-dialcohol was similar in all the organs. The results suggest that the variation in susceptibility to the aflatoxin among different organs is attributable mainly to the organ differences in cytochrome P450 activity to form AFB1-epoxide.     

离子液体对有机染料的萃取行为

以疏水性离子液体1-甲基-3-丁基咪唑六氟磷酸盐([bmim]PF6)为萃取剂,液-液体系中对6种常见有机染料结晶紫、孔雀绿、罗丹明B、亚甲基蓝、铬天青S以及偶氮氯膦Ⅲ的萃取行为进行了研究,考察了溶液pH、萃取时间、离子液体浓度以及盐的含量对萃取率的影响.结果表明,离子液体对水中不同结构染料的萃取能力有很大差异:在pH 3—9的条件下,离子液体对结晶紫和亚甲基蓝的萃取能力很强,萃取率均在90%以上;在pH值3—5的条件下,对孔雀绿的萃取率在86%以上;在pH值为3的条件下,对罗丹明B的萃取率为94%,且酸度减小时萃取率下降;在pH 7—11时对铬天青S和偶氮氯膦Ⅲ的萃取率分别小于36%和29%,且酸度增大时萃取率下降.对各种染料均可在5—10 min内完成萃取,萃取后分相迅速,相界面清晰,无浑浊或第三相形成,有着传统有机溶剂无法比拟的优点.本研究对采用离子液体萃取净化染料废水和回收废弃燃料具有一定的参考价值.     

Nano-titanium dioxide (TiO2)-induced changes affecting Cu2+-mediated alterations in bacterium Bacillus subtilis and α-amylase

Titanium dioxide (TiO₂) nanoparticles possess the potential to coexist with Copper (Cu²⁺) in soil. The individual and combined toxicity of these two chemicals was evaluated using the bacterium Bacillus subtilis, a known soil model bacterium. Cu²⁺ (6.25–50?µg?mL^?1) alone produced toxicity to bacteria as evidenced by the decreased cell viability and deceased α-amylase production. The addition of TiO₂ (50?mg?mL^?1) enhanced the Cu²⁺-induced decrease in cell viability but elevated amylase activity. TiO₂ did not markedly affect the growth rate and lag period. A primary cause of TiO₂ increasing Cu²⁺ toxicity is presumed to be associated with hydroxyl radical formation, while increased amylase activity is considered to arise from Cu²⁺ facilitating TiO₂ degradation ability.     

A fast and reliable method for quantitative determination of total mercury in vegetables

A cloud-point extraction (CPE) process using the nonionic surfactant, polyethylene glycol tert octylphenyl ether (Triton X-114) was employed for determination of Hg(II) ions in aqueous solutions. The method is based on the ion-pairing reaction of Hg(II) with Pyronin B (PyrB⁺) in the presence of excess iodide at pH 6.0 and extraction of the complex formed. The chemical variables affecting CPE efficiency were studied, and the analytical characteristics of the method were obtained. The calibration curves were linear in the range of 1–40 μg L^?1 with the detection limits of 0.35 and 0.30 μg L^?1 at 556 and 521 nm. Selectivity was also tested. The coefficients of variation of the method are 2.4% and 5.2% for five replicate measurements of mercury at levels of 10 and 25 μg L^?1, respectively. The results obtained for two certified reference samples were in a good agreement with the certified values. The method was applied to the determination of total mercury in vegetable samples.     

Role of the necrosis factor-κB pathway in dibutyl phthalate mediated effects on human glioma cells

Abstract

The human glioma cell line U251 was incubated for 12?h and 24?h in medium containing dibutyl phthalate at concentrations of 25?µmol/L and 100?µmol/L. Decreased cell viability and increased oxidative stress show the cytotoxicity of dibutyl phthalate. Nuclear factor-κB and nuclear factor-κB pathway-related proteins were altered, which could be attenuated by vitamin E at 20?µmol/L. Thus, dibutyl phthalate induces cytotoxicity through activation of nuclear factor-κB and vitamin E exerts neuroprotection against dibutyl phthalate-mediated cytotoxicity in vitro.     

香港近岸海域悬浮固体浓度空间变异特征的地统计分析

以香港近岸海域为研究区,基于2009~2012年HJ-1A/B CCD数据和实测数据,建立悬浮固体浓度遥感反演模型,运用地统计学方法对模型反演结果进行分析,探索研究区内悬浮固体浓度空间分布及其变异特征.结果表明:香港近岸海域北部深圳湾附近常年处于悬浮固体浓度的高值区,东北部珠江入海口海域悬浮固体浓度受季节影响明显,大屿山以南的南部海域的浓度值常年处于较低水平,并具有明显的季节特征.2009~2012年的地统计数据表明,香港近岸海域悬浮固体浓度值总体处于较低水平,月均值为12.25mg/L,由北向南递减趋势明显.全年大部分时间空间变异特征明显,空间自相关性较强,其中3月份的块金值/基台值最小,仅约为0.0005.     

B/S构架下基于JavaEE与Comet技术的油气泄漏实时监控系统

针对传统WEB监控技术实时性较差、服务器负担重、监控人员任务繁琐等问题,提出了一种基于JavaEE(Java 2 Platform Enterprise Edition)与Comet技术(服务器推技术)的油气泄漏实时在线监控技术。该技术采用多层B/S(Browser/Server)模式软件体系结构,充分利用JavaEE分布式计算平台的优越性,建立了基于Comet目标参数实时在线监控技术的系统模型。通过实时监控实例,对其工作性能进行了验证,实现了实时、远程应急管理与控制。     

用流动电流技术研究聚硅氯化铝混凝剂的电动特性

采用流动电流（SC）技术,研究比较了聚硅氯化铝（PASC）与聚合氯化铝（PAC）的电动特性．研究结果表明,在PASC中,由于带负电荷的聚硅酸与铝水解聚合产物间的相互作用,使得PASC的电中和能力较PAC有所下降,其下降程度与PASC的碱化度（B）和Al/Si摩尔比密切相关,B值和Al/Si摩尔比越小,则PASC的电中和能力就越弱．制备工艺对PASC的电中和能力略有影响.     

Adsorption of Direct Green B on mixed hydroxy-Fe-Al pillared montmorillonite with large basal spacing

Through cation-exchanging of montmorillonite, mixed hydroxy Fe-Al-pillared montmorillonites with large basal spacing were synthesized. The application of these mixed hydroxy Fe-Al-pillared montmorillonites as adsorbents in the areas of environmental protection and pollution control was investigated. Adsorption of Direct Green B, an organic dye, on OH-Fe-, OH-Al-, OH-Fe-Al- pillared montmorillonites was studied. Results showed that these pillared montmorillonites had much better adsorption properties than traditional Na-organo-montmorillonite. It was also found that pH of the solutions had great effect on the performance of these hydroxy-metal pillared montmorillonites in treating the wastewater containing Direct Green B.     

重庆市代表性城区冬季和夏季苯系物来源解析

2009—2010年冬季和夏季在重庆市某代表性城区对大气中苯系物进行观测,并应用苯与甲苯特征比值(B/T)和因子分析法对苯系物来源进行了分析。结果表明,2种源分析方法具有较好的一致性,涂料及溶剂的生产与使用以及机动车尾气和油品使用是该研究区域苯系物的主要来源,贡献率分别为59.3%和16.2%。不同功能区、不同季节,苯系物来源构成有所差异。除受汽车尾气影响外,夏季受涂料、溶剂等生产使用的影响也较大,尤其是投诉集中点位、混合区和工业区;冬季,投诉集中点位主要受涂料、溶剂等生产使用等影响,其他点位可能还受到燃烧源的影响。