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61.
The stability of coumaphos [O,O-diethyl O-(3-chloro-4-methyl-2-oxo-2H-1-benzopyran-7 yl)phosphorothioatel was studied in model dipping vats under field conditions using 14C-labelled and unlabelled coumaphos, with or without additives. The stability of coumaphos in model vats increased significantly by maintaining a pH of 5 by addition of superphosphate. Copper sulphate amendment did not seem to have any additional effect on stability. Potasan was the major metabolite in addition to chlorferon and 4-methylumbelliferone. Coumaphos concentration was doubled in the sediment of vat treated with copper sulphate as compared to the control vat as a result of emulsion breakdown. Chlorferon was the only metabolite detected in the sediment of the former vat indicating inhibition of the anaerobic degradation. 相似文献
62.
Demonstration of sperm head shape abnormality and clastogenic potential of cypermethrin 总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1
Kumar S Gautam AK Agarwal KR Shah BA Saiyad HN 《Journal of environmental biology / Academy of Environmental Biology, India》2004,25(2):187-190
Adult male Swiss albino mice were administered ip. suspension solution of cypermethrin in 0.15% DMSO at the doses of 30 mg, 60 mg and 90 mg/kg b. wt. daily for 5 days. Another group of animals was injected cyclophosphamide ip. (60 mg/kg b. wt.) in similar manner which served as positive control. Effect of cypermethrin on body and testes weight and sperm head morphology was studied. Clastogenic potential of cypermethrin was studied by using modified Allium test. The cytological changes were studied in the root tip cells of Allium cepa after 3 days treatment with three different concentration of cypermethrin (0.1, 1.0 and 10.0 microg/ml). The results revealed that body weight gain was considerably reduced in higher dose groups, but the testicular weight did not change significantly in any of the cypermethrin treated groups. However, a significant elevation in the number of abnormal shape of sperm head was noticed in higher dose groups as compared to control. It was observed that the abnormality in the shape of sperm head was dose-dependent. The cytological changes in the root tip cells of Allium cepa indicated that cypermethrin is having toxic effects on the root tip cells in the form of stickiness of chromosomes and also affect the mitotic activity. This study suggest that cypermethrin may have the potential to induce adverse effects on sperm head shape morphology of mouse as well as clastogenic effects on root tip cells of Allium cepa. 相似文献
63.
Yu Xiao Tao Liu Chunyuan Gu Jinghui Yu Manjree Agarwal 《Journal of environmental science and health. Part. B》2019,54(1):41-48
Fumigation is required to protect cottonseed in storage and pre-shipment from insect pests and/or microorganisms. Fumigation of cottonseed with carbon disulphide (CS2), carbonyl sulphide (COS), ethanedinitrile (C2N2), ethyl formate (EF), methyl bromide (MB) and phosphine (PH3) showed that >85% of the fumigants disappeared within 5?h of exposure. COS maintained >20?mg L–1 for 24?h. After 1?day of aeration, 75%–85% of the absorbed COS and MB and 20%–40% of the absorbed CS2, EF and PH3 were released from treated cottonseed. The fumigant residues were reduced by 80% for COS, 50% for EF or MB and 25% for CS2 after 1?day of aeration. After 13?days of aeration, fumigant residues were reduced by 95% for MB, 65% for EF, 55% for CS2 and to natural levels in the COS residue. Carbon disulphide, COS, PH3, EF and C2N2 had no effect on the germination of cottonseed, but germination was reduced to 50% by MB. COS has potential as a fumigant for control of insect pests in cottonseed because it dissipates quickly and does not negatively impact germination. On the other hand, MB appears to strongly absorb and requires an extended period for residues to dissipate, and it negatively impacts germination. 相似文献
64.
Kumar Ankur Singh Prakhar Agarwal Tarun Joshi Manish Semwal Poonam Singh Kuldeep Pathak Parmanad Prakash Ramola Rakesh Chand 《Environmental science and pollution research international》2020,27(32):40229-40243
Environmental Science and Pollution Research - Regional averages of radon, thoron, and associated decay product concentration are reported to be higher than their respective global averages in... 相似文献
65.
V. K. Gupta Deepak Pathania Shilpi Agarwal Shikha Sharma 《Environmental science and pollution research international》2013,20(4):2632-2644
The utilization of sustainable and biodegradable lignocellulosic fiber to detoxify the noxious Cr(VI) from wastewater is considered a versatile approach to clean up a contaminated aquatic environment. The aim of the present research is to assess the proficiency and mechanism of biosorption on Ficus carica bast fiber via isotherm models (Langmuir, Freundlich, Temkin, Harkin’s–Jura, and Dubinin–Radushkevich), kinetic models, and thermodynamic parameters. The biomass extracted from fig plant was characterized by scanning electron microscopy and Fourier-transform infrared spectroscopy. To optimize the maximum removal efficiency, different parameters like effect of initial concentration, effect of temperature, pH, and contact time were studied by batch method. The equilibrium data were best represented by the Langmuir isotherm model, and the maximum adsorption capacity of Cr(VI) onto biosorbent was found to be 19.68 mg/g. The pseudo-second-order kinetic model adequately described the kinetic data. The calculated values of thermodynamic parameters such as enthalpy change (?H 0), entropy change (?S 0), and free energy change (?G 0) were 21.55 kJ/mol, 76.24 J/mol?K, and ?1.55 kJ/mol, respectively, at 30 °C which accounted for spontaneous and endothermic processes. The study of adsorbent capacity for Cr(VI) removal in the presence of Na+, Mg2+, Ca2+, SO 4 2? , HCO 3 ? and Cl? illustrated that the removal of Cr(VI) increased in the presence of HCO3? ions; the presence of Na+, SO 4 2? or Cl? showed no significant influence on Cr(VI) adsorption, while Ca2+ and Mg2+ ions led to an insignificant decrease in Cr(VI) adsorption. Further, the desorption studies illustrated that 31.10 % of metal ions can be removed from an aqueous system, out of which 26.63 % of metal ions can be recovered by desorption in first cycle and the adsorbent can be reused. The results of the scale-up study show that the ecofriendly detoxification of Cr(VI) from aqueous systems was technologically feasible. 相似文献
66.
Kirti Bhalla Shashi Bala Singh Rashmi Agarwal 《Environmental monitoring and assessment》2010,167(1-4):515-520
High performance liquid chromatographic (HPLC) method was developed for analysis of seven gibberellins, i.e., GA3, GA4, GA7, GA3 methyl ester, GA7 methyl ester 3,13 diacetate, GA7 methyl ester, and fusaric acid, using an isocratic system. Method was used for estimation of gibberellins from different Fusarium strains. Gibberellins were extracted from 28 strains of Fusarium, out of which six strains of Fusarium were isolated from soil of different parts of India and 22 strains were procured from the Indian Type Culture Collection, Indian Agricultural Research Institute, New Delhi. Extracts were analyzed for qualitative and quantitative estimation of gibberellins by thin layer chromatography and HPLC, respectively. On the basis of quantitative analysis of produced gibberellins by HPLC, they were categorized as low, moderate, and high gibberellin producing strain. For the first time, Fusarium solani was also reported as high GA3 producing strain. 相似文献
67.
The chemo-thermal oxidation method at 375 °C (CTO-375) has been widely used to quantify black carbon (BC) in sediments. In the present study, CTO-375 was tested and adapted for application to soil, accounting for some matrix specific properties like high organic carbon (≤39%) and carbonate (≤37%) content. Average recoveries of standard reference material SRM-2975 ranged from 25 to 86% for nine representative Swiss and Indian samples, which is similar to literature data for sediments. The adapted method was applied to selected samples of the Swiss soil monitoring network (NABO). BC content exhibited different patterns in three soil profiles while contribution of BC to TOC was found maximum below the topsoil at all three sites, however at different depths (60-130 cm). Six different NABO sites exhibited largely constant BC concentrations over the last 25 years, with short-term (6 months) prevailing over long-term (5 years) temporal fluctuations. 相似文献
68.
Dynamics of toxic heavy metals in different compartments of a highly urbanized closed aquatic system
This paper deals with the dynamics of chromium, nickel, copper and lead among the different components namely water, surface sediments, submerged and free floating macrophytes and fish of the twin manmade lakes, Upper and Lower lakes, of Bhopal (M.P., India). Some basic parameters of water and sediment have also been studied. The basin of the lake system is densely populated and the water is used for various purposes including drinking. Ni and Pb along with nitrate in both lakes are significantly higher than the drinking water quality criteria of USEPA. The concentration of the metals in the sediments is noticeably higher than that present in the adjoining rock, particularly Ni and Pb. There is a significant uptake of metals by the macrophytes (Eichhornia crassipes and Hydrilla verticillata) and fish (Labeo rohita and Oreochromis niloticus) mainly in summer. The fish of Lower lake (O. niloticus) is unfit for human consumption. The data have been statistically treated. Principle component analysis and cluster analysis were performed to define the origin of metals and to assess the relationship among the sites. Overall the Lower lake is more polluted than the Upper lake. In aggregate, the lake system is under an environmental stress due to certain practices. 相似文献
69.
Visibility impairing aerosols in the urban atmosphere of Delhi 总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1
Singh T Khillare PS Shridhar V Agarwal T 《Environmental monitoring and assessment》2008,141(1-3):67-77
To study the visual air quality of Delhi, size fractionated aerosols – coarse and fine fractions of PM10 – were collected and analysed for and EC at three sites with different background activities. The analysed species constitute a smaller portion of coarse fraction
(39%) but a larger portion of fine fraction (69%). The sampling was performed from June 2003 to November 2003 which covers
monsoon and post monsoon seasons.Aerosol data was used to describe the spatial variation of Visibility Range as a function
of chemical composition of visibility impairing aerosols. During the study period, visibility was found to be poor varying
between 4.7 and 13 km with an average value of 9.4 km. It is observed that visibility impairment was more due to carbonaceous
aerosol followed by sulphate. 相似文献
70.