完善CEMS数据采集处理传输全过程的技术规范

分布安装在各现场端的污染源排放自动监测设备可以实时采集到海量的监测数据,要将这些数据经过处理（统计/计算）自动远程传输到各级环境管理部门的监控中心,必须制定出涵盖数据采集处理传输全过程的技术规范.本文以固定污染源烟气排放连续监测系统（CEMS）为例,分析了现有相关技术规范的不足和缺失,以及由此产生的现状和问题;提出了以满足环境管理需求为目标,完善CEMS数据标准化的基本设想;详细论述了在数据时间类型、数据种类和格式、数据处理方法及数据传输格式等方面进行规范的具体建议;本文还提出了通过修改和增补现有技术规范,实施数据标准化基本设想的路线图.     

SIEMENS烟气连续监测系统在电子束脱硫装置中的应用

本文介绍了SIEMENS烟气连续监测系统的性能及其在电子束辐照烟气工业化试验装置中的应用，对其工作特点和实际运行情况进行了分析。     

Indoor radon periodicities and their physical constraints: a study in the Coimbra region (Central Portugal)

Indoor radon activities were measured during a period of 6 months, as well as several physical environmental variables (temperature, pressure, humidity and rainfall). The location was a small room at an administrative building of the University of Coimbra, usually undisturbed by human activities and situated over bedrock of low-uranium Triassic red sandstones. A low average activity of radon was observed (36 Bq m⁻³), however showing a very well marked daily periodicity (10 ± 5 Bq m⁻³), with maximum values occurring more frequently between 9 and 10 a.m. Daily variations are shown to have no relation with earth tides, and their amplitudes exhibit a significant correlation with outdoor temperature; no dependence on barometric pressure was found. Rainfall disturbs the observed daily radon cycles through a strong reduction of their amplitude, but has no effect on the long-term variability of the gas concentration.     

汉江上游十大洪水气象特征分析

本文分析了安康大洪水的气候分布和气象成因,讨论了水文气象接口问题,指出进行气象洪水预报是可能的。     

Replace the NOAEL and LOAEL with the BMDL01 and BMDL10

Although benchmark-dose methodology has existed for more than 20 years, benchmark doses (BMDs) still have not fully supplanted the no-observed-adverse-effect level (NOAEL) and lowest-observed-adverse-effect level (LOAEL) as points of departure from the experimental dose–response range for setting acceptable exposure levels of toxic substances. Among the issues involved in replacing the NOAEL (LOAEL) with a BMD are (1) which added risk level(s) above background risk should be targeted as benchmark responses (BMRs), (2) whether to apply the BMD methodology to both carcinogenic and noncarcinogenic toxic effects, and (3) how to model continuous health effects that aren’t observed in a natural risk-based context like dichotomous health effects. This paper addresses these issues and recommends specific BMDs to replace the NOAEL and LOAEL.

环境空气自动监测系统与连续监测系统监测数据的比较

本文对两套监测系统的监测数据进行比较和相关性分析，结果表明：两套监测系统的监测数据之间存在显著的线性相关，相关系数在0．6705～0．9345之间；自动监测系统的监测数据均高于连续监测系统的监测数据，S02平均高53％～64％，NQ平均高78％～82％，PM10平均高37％～42％。     

A chemostat system for investigating pesticide biodegradation in continuous mixed bacteria cultures originating from surface water

To be able to predict the degradation (rate) of organic chemicals (e.g. pesticides) in the field, knowledge of the environmental conditions that are of influence on the degradation process are of importance. In the present study an experimental system is described which is used to study the degradation of organic pollutants in mixed bacteria cultures originating from surface water. With this system the degradation of compounds can be followed for relatively long experimental periods (months). In addition, it is possible to vary different environmental parameters in order to investigate their influences on the degradation of the chemical. These preliminary experiments show that growth and ‘composition’ of the bacteria culture have comparable patterns in parallel experiments. The first order degradation rate constant for the test compound dichloran, as calculated from these experiments under these circumstances, is about 0.002 h⁻¹.     

医院废水的连续监测及存在问题探讨

对宁波市7家市属医院废水进行了一年4次的连续监测,发现7家医院废水均严重超标.造成医院废水严重超标的原因有4个方面.同时还探讨了监测规范中存在的三个主要问题,提出了解决办法.文章对南方城市的医院废水监测具有一定的典型性.     

连续流动分析仪测定环境水样中的硝酸盐氮

应用连续流动分析仪对环境水榈的NO3^--N进行了分析，简述了试剂浓度的确定原则和编写运行程度的方法。通过对标准样品的多次测定，测定值均在其保证值范围内，相对标准差为0．7％，准确度高，精密度好。方法检测限可达0.003mg/L NO3^--N，环境水样回标回收率在94％－102％之间，样品分析速率可达50个/h。     

污染源连续监测系统的应用与发展

阐述了污染源连续监测系统（简称CEMS）在国内外的发展和应用。通过对各种CEMS特性的分析，并在原理、分析方法、监测对象、日常操作维护及费用成本上加以比较，指出现场式CEMS是发展方向，适合于未安装过CEMS的火电厂。同时，作为现有CEMS的改进，可选用稀释抽取式CEMS。