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61.
Tipping E Thacker SA Wilson D Hall JR 《Environmental pollution (Barking, Essex : 1987)》2008,152(1):41-49
During the last 50 years nitrate concentrations in Buttermere and Wastwater (Cumbria, UK) have risen significantly, by 70 and 100%, respectively. By estimating contemporary nitrate fluxes in the lakes' catchments and in sub-catchments and comparing them with the fractional areas of different soil types, it is deduced that the surface water nitrate is derived almost entirely from organic-rich ranker soils that have a limited ability to retain atmospherically-deposited nitrogen. Little or no nitrate leaches from the other major soil type, a brown podzol, despite it having a lower C:N ratio (12.0 g g(-1)) than the ranker (17.0 g g(-1)), nor is there much contribution from the small areas of improved (chemically fertilised) grassland within the catchments. Although some nitrate leaching is occurring, total N losses are appreciably smaller than atmospheric inputs, so the catchment soils are currently accumulating between 3 and 4 g N m(-2) a(-1). 相似文献
62.
This study was conducted to evaluate, using soil columns, the mobilization and redistribution of heavy metals (Zn, Cd, and
Pb) among different soil fractions by soluble organic ligands within poultry litter. Uncontaminated soil was amended with
Zn, Cd, and Pb to achieve concentration levels of 400, 8, and 200 mg kg−1 soil, respectively. Columns repacked with this amended soil were leached with distilled water, 0.01 M EDTA, 0.01 M CaCl2, or poultry litter extract (PLE) solutions. After leaching, the soil samples in the columns were sequentially extracted for
exchangeable (EXC), carbonate (CARB) organic matter (OM), Mn oxide (MNO), Fe oxide (FEO), and residual (RES) fractions. Considerable
mobilization of Zn, Cd, and Pb occurred in soil during EDTA leaching. Leaching with PLE and CaCl2 solutions significantly decreased Zn and Cd concentrations in the EXC, CARB, and OM fractions. These solutions significantly
decreased Pb concentration in the EXC fraction, while PLE solubilized more Pb from EXC fraction than CaCl2. Thus, the applied poultry litter may change Zn, Cd, and Pb fractions in metal-amended soil and possibly enhance metal mobility. 相似文献
63.
Jelena Todorovic Malin Svensson Inga Herrmann Holger Ecke 《Journal of Material Cycles and Waste Management》2006,8(2):145-153
In municipal solid waste incineration (MSWI), bottom ash, generated at a stoker grate type incinerator, the critical elements
were identified in terms of EU regulation. The stabilizing effect of moderate carbonation (pH 8.28 ± 0.03) on critical contaminants
was studied through availability and diffusion leaching protocols. Data from the performed tests were evaluated with the goal
of reusing MSWI bottom ash as secondary construction material. To investigate the mobilizing effect of CO2, suspended MSWI bottom ash was severely carbonated (pH 6.40 ± 0.07). The effect of CO2 and its interaction with other leaching factors, such as liquid/solid (L/S) ratio, leaching time, pH, ultrasound treatment,
and leaching temperature, were examined using a reduced 26-1 experimental design. Contaminants identified as critical were Cr, Cu, Mo, Sb, Cl−, and SO4
2−. Although moderate carbonation decreased the release of Cr, Cu, Mo, and Sb from compacted bottom ash, the main disadvantage
remains its inability to demobilize Cl− and SO4
2−. The hypothesized mobilizing effect of severe carbonation was proven. The treatment enhanced the separation of critical components
(α = 0.05) (except for Cl−), i.e., about fivefold for Sb and about twofold for Cr, Cu, and S. Nevertheless, the prospect is good that severe carbonation
could constitute the deciding key parameter to facilitate the technical feasibility of a future washing process for MSWI bottom
ash. 相似文献
64.
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66.
全自动淋洗-智能蒸馏联合技术检测土壤中阳离子交换量 总被引:3,自引:0,他引:3
针对土壤中阳离子交换量检测国标方法的不足,介绍了一种全自动淋洗法结合自动智能一体化蒸馏的联合技术。通过对实际样品和6种土壤标样的比较实验,表明,淋洗时间设置为20 min、乙醇洗涤次数设置为4次、蒸馏液质量设置为130 g较佳,在该条件下,土壤标样及实际样品的相对标准偏差(0.87%~1.07%)远小于行业标准方法的标准偏差(3.87%~5.18%),方法准确度也均在保证值范围内。该方法自动化程度高、可操作性强且检测结果的准确度、精密度及重现性都符合标准规定,可满足大批量土壤样品分析要求。 相似文献
67.
电镀污泥标准浸出方法的比对 总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1
采用3种固体废物浸出毒性标准浸出方法处理电镀污泥,考察浸提剂、样品粒径、液固比、振荡时间、振荡方式等因素对电镀污泥中重金属浸出效果的影响,用电感耦合等离子体原子发射光谱法同时测定浸出液中铜、锌、镍、铬、铅、镉、钡等元素。试验表明:醋酸缓冲溶液体系浸出液中重金属浓度最高;样品粒径越小,浸出毒性越大;翻转振荡比水平振荡更有利于重金属浸出;液固比增大,重金属浸出量增加;虽然液固比和振荡时间对重金属浸出效果均有影响,但很难确定最佳值。 相似文献
68.
A.P. Galvín F. Agrela J. Ayuso M.G. Beltrán A. Barbudo 《Waste management (New York, N.Y.)》2014,34(9):1693-1704
Each year, millions of tonnes of waste are generated worldwide, partially through the construction and demolition of buildings. Recycling the resulting waste could reduce the amount of materials that need to be manufactured. Accordingly, the present work has analysed the potential reuse of construction waste in concrete manufacturing by replacing the natural aggregate with recycled concrete coarse aggregate.However, incorporating alternative materials in concrete manufacturing may increase the pollutant potential of the product, presenting an environmental risk via ground water contamination.The present work has tested two types of concrete batches that were manufactured with different replacement percentages. The experimental procedure analyses not only the effect of the portion of recycled aggregate on the physical properties of concrete but also on the leaching behaviour as indicative of the contamination degree. Thus, parameters such as slump, density, porosity and absorption of hardened concrete, were studied. Leaching behaviour was evaluated based on the availability test performed to three aggregates (raw materials of the concrete batches) and on the diffusion test performed to all concrete.From an environmental point of view, the question of whether the cumulative amount of heavy metals that are released by diffusion reaches the availability threshold was answered. The analysis of concentration levels allowed the establishment of different groups of metals according to the observed behaviour, the analysis of the role of pH and the identification of the main release mechanisms. Finally, through a statistical analysis, physical parameters and diffusion data were interrelated. It allowed estimating the relevance of porosity, density and absorption of hardened concrete on diffusion release of the metals in study. 相似文献
69.
用离子色谱法(简称IC)测定有害工业固体废物浸出液中的氟化物,其测定方法较化学法(离子选择电极法)手续简便、快速、准确. 相似文献
70.
为了明确铝灰渣的环境危害特征,于2019年4月和9月分别对广西典型铝冶炼、加工、再生企业进行了调查。利用铝灰渣与水反应的氨气释放率测定分光光度法等方法,对不同环节产生铝灰渣的浸出毒性、反应性、腐蚀性、易燃性进行评价分析。结果表明,铝灰渣浸出液中主要危害因子是氟化物,而非金属元素。氟化物质量浓度为2~1370 mg/L,原铝冶炼环节所产生的铝灰渣质量浓度最高。铝合金加工原辅料和末端处理方式会改变氟化物浸出质量浓度。铝灰渣反应性的氨气释放率为3.3~6.0 mg/kg,释放率和环境风险属于较低水平。铝灰渣在纯水中浸出液pH值为8.65~11.98,不具备腐蚀性;在1200℃条件下无法点燃,不具备易燃性。氟化物浸出和氨气释放是铝灰渣最需防范的环境危害,可作为其分类管理和无害化处置的依据。 相似文献