可持续发展目标下环境影响评价(EIA)的新发展

描述了可持续发展的内涵及其特征，分析了传统ＥＩＡ不适应可持续发展目标的弊端，论述了为适应可持续发展目标而带来的传统ＥＩＡ的新发展，战略环境影响评价，累积影响评价以及强化ＥＩＡ中的公众参与。     

资源安全的影响因素与评估指标

影响资源安全的因素主要有5个方面:资源因素是影响资源安全的最基本和最重要的因素;政治因素主要通过资源供需双方的政治关系以及资源供应国国内政治局势对资源安全产生影响;经济因素主要影响资源进口国资源进口能力;运输因素主要是运输距离的长短以及运输受干扰、控制的程度;而军事因素则体现在对资源供应地和资源运输通道的控制能力上。论文在分析影响资源安全5个主要因素的基础上,选择了14项指标,初步组成了资源安全的评估指标体系,并运用该指标体系对中国石油和粮食安全状况进行了初步评估,其结果是:从对外依存度来看,石油大于粮食;进口集中度粮食(小麦)高于石油;无论是短期或是长期能力系数,粮食都要好于石油;从资源储备率来看,粮食也远大于石油。     

尚勇自然保护区周边地区社会经济现状及可持续发展对策

采用多种调查技术与方法 ,对尚勇自然保护区周边地区社会经济现状进行分析。该区存在群众文化素质偏低 ,医疗卫生状况较差 ,农业生产方式落后 ,保护区管理缺乏群众参与 ,保护区管理部门与周边乡村关系不够融洽等问题。针对这些问题 ,相应地提出了社区社会经济可持续发展的一系列对策     

流域水电规划环境影响的经济评价指标与方法探讨

流域水电开发在带来巨大经济效益的同时,也大范围地影响了流域生态环境。因而,开展流域水电规划环境影响的经济评价具有明显的现实意义。从社会经济和生态环境角度出发,在分析流域水电规划实施后可能产生各种影响的基础上,构建了相应的影响因素识别矩阵,进而分别探讨了社会经济10项评价指标、生态环境9项评价指标及其相应的估算方法,以期为流域水电开发决策提供科学支撑。     

公路水路交通循环经济评价指标体系构建研究

在对公路水路交通行业循环经济和相应统计的发展现状评估的基础上，分析了数据需求，并首次提出了公路水路交通行业循环经济评价指标体系的构建及其调查方法。     

Identifying robust response options to manage environmental change using an Ecosystem Approach: A stress-testing case study for the UK XXX

A diverse range of response options was evaluated in terms of their utility for sustaining ecosystem services in the UK. Robustness of response options was investigated by applying a ‘stress-testing’ method which evaluated expected performance against combined scenarios of socioeconomic and climate change. Based upon stakeholder feedback, a reference scenario representing current trends in climate and socioeconomic drivers (‘business-as-usual’) was used as a dynamic baseline against which to compare results of other scenarios. The robustness of response options was evaluated by their utility in different environmental and social contexts as represented by the scenarios, and linked to their adaptability to adjust to changing conditions. Key findings demonstrate that adaptability becomes increasingly valuable as the magnitude and rate of future change diverges from current trends. Stress-testing also revealed that individual responses in isolation are unlikely to be robust meaning there are advantages from integrating cohesive combinations (bundles) of response options to maximise their individual strengths and compensate for weaknesses. This identifies a role for both top-down and bottom-up responses, including regulation, spatial targeting, incentives and partnership initiatives, and their use in combination through integrated assessment and planning consistent with the adoption of an Ecosystem Approach. Stress-testing approaches can have an important role in future-proofing policy appraisals but important knowledge gaps remain, especially for cultural and supporting ecosystem services. Finally, barriers and enablers to the implementation of more integrated long-term adaptive responses were identified drawing on the ‘4 Is’ (Institutions, Information, Incentives, Identity) conceptual framework. This highlighted the crucial but usually understated role of identity in promoting ownership and uptake of responses.     

环境污染损害案件中司法鉴定启动模式研究

目前中国的相关法律对于司法鉴定启动程序的规定存在不一致、不细致等问题,实践中难以达成一致.考虑到环境污染损害专业性、技术性以及证据的易逝性等特点,在环境污染损害案件中,应当允许当事人自行委托鉴定,即中国环境污染损害案件中司法鉴定启动模式应当采取当事人自行委托鉴定、当事人申请启动以及法院依职权启动相结合的模式,使得司法鉴定启动权在当事人与法院之间进行合理的配置.     

在役历史保护建筑构件时变安全性分析

古旧建筑经多年使用之后,由于各种原因造成材料劣化、结构损伤等,在抗震性能和结构安全性方面存在一定的隐患。近年来,我国建筑结构检测工作广泛开展,如何更充分地利用这些珍贵的检测成果是一个值得思考的课题。本文针对建于20世纪40年代末的某历史保护建筑物,根据前后相隔10年的2次结构检测鉴定结果,分析了建筑物服役过程中,其材料、构件性能、结构安全性等方面的变化规律,以及造成构件损坏的主要原因。鉴定结果认为,该建筑物整体性依然良好,能满足历史建筑物保护和结构承载能力的要求。同时,结合该建筑物现状,分析了其结构构件时变安全性,为采取合理的加固措施提供了依据。     

混凝土结构抗震鉴定与加固技术及其应用

通过对汶川地震灾后损失的分析,突显了混凝土结构抗震鉴定与加固技术在实际工程中应用的必要性.详细阐述了震后现存建筑物抗震能力鉴定的基本规定与方法;在此基础上重点介绍了混凝土结构加固技术的规定、规程及国内外具体应用,及抗震鉴定与加固的重要工程应用价值和现实指导意义.     

Closing the knowledge-action gap in conservation with open science

The knowledge-action gap in conservation science and practice occurs when research outputs do not result in actions to protect or restore biodiversity. Among the diverse and complex reasons for this gap, three barriers are fundamental: knowledge is often unavailable to practitioners and challenging to interpret or difficult to use or both. Problems of availability, interpretability, and useability are solvable with open science practices. We considered the benefits and challenges of three open science practices for use by conservation scientists and practitioners. First, open access publishing makes the scientific literature available to all. Second, open materials (detailed methods, data, code, and software) increase the transparency and use of research findings. Third, open education resources allow conservation scientists and practitioners to acquire the skills needed to use research outputs. The long-term adoption of open science practices would help researchers and practitioners achieve conservation goals more quickly and efficiently and reduce inequities in information sharing. However, short-term costs for individual researchers (insufficient institutional incentives to engage in open science and knowledge mobilization) remain a challenge. We caution against a passive approach to sharing that simply involves making information available. We advocate a proactive stance toward transparency, communication, collaboration, and capacity building that involves seeking out and engaging with potential users to maximize the environmental and societal impact of conservation science.