Comparisons in subcellular and biochemical behaviors of cadmium between Iow-Cd and high-Cd accumulation cultivars of pakchoi （Brassica chinensis L.）

Subcellular distributions and chemical forms of cadmium （Cd） in the leaves, stems and roots were investigated in low-Cd accumulation cultivars and high-Cd accumulation cultivars ofpakchoi （Brassica chinensis L.）. Root cell wall played a key role in limiting soil Cd from entering the protoplast, especially in the low-Cd cultivars. The high-Cd cultivars had significantly higher leaf and stem Cd concentrations than the low-Cd cultivars in cell wall fraction, chloroplast/trophoplast fraction, organelle fraction and soluble fraction. In low-Cd cultivars, which were more sensitive and thus had greater physiological needs of Cd detoxification than high-Cd cultivars, leaf vacuole sequestrated higher proportions of Cd. Cd in the form of pectate/protein complexes （extracted by 1 tool. L~ NaC1） played a decisive role in Cd translocation from root to shoot, which might be one of the mechanisms that led to the differences in shoot Cd accumulation between the two types of cultivars. Furthermore, the formation of Cd- phosphate complexes （extracted by 2% HAc） was also involved in Cd detoxification within the roots of pakchoi under high Cd stress, suggesting that the mechanisms of Cd detoxification might be different between low- and high-Cd cultivars.     

硅酸盐、腐殖酸对Cr污染土壤中小白菜生理及吸铬量的影响

针对在铬污染区土壤中的叶菜类吸铬量是果菜类2~3倍,以及硅酸盐或腐植酸在重金属污染土壤上的最佳施用量研究较少的问题,为保障蔬菜的品质安全,文章通过土壤盆栽试验,研究硅酸盐、腐殖酸不同用量对Cr污染土壤中小白菜(Brassica Chinensis)生理指标和吸铬量的影响.结果表明,施低质量分数的硅酸盐(1.0 g·kg-1)效果最佳,既能提高受Cr污染小白菜的生物量、叶绿素相对含量,又能减轻Cr毒害对抗氧化酶系统中SOD酶活性的抑制,缓解小白菜受到的过氧化胁迫,有效降低小白菜吸铬量;高质量分数硅酸盐(2.0 g·kg-1)对生长产生抑制.腐殖酸在设计的3个质量分数水平上均不能有效降低小白菜吸铬量,对生长的促进作用也不明显.     

氰戊菊酯对小白菜抗氧化酶活性及丙二醛（MDA）含量的影响

为探讨菊酯类农药胁迫对蔬菜生理生化过程的影响,以小白菜为研究对象,采用大田试验研究了不同浓度氰戊菊酯(20%乳油,推荐用量:稀释1500倍;加倍用量:稀释750倍)对小白菜抗氧化酶活性及丙二醛(MDA)含量的影响.结果表明:喷施推荐用量及喷施加倍用量氰戊菊酯对小白菜抗氧化酶活性均有不同程度的影响.超氧化物歧化酶(SOD)活性在喷施氰戊菊酯后3d内明显受到抑制,之后明显增加,第21d又受到抑制;过氧化氢酶(CAT)活性在喷药后小幅增加,第21d与对照基本一致;过氧化物酶(POD)活性在喷药后明显受到抑制.喷施推荐用量及喷施加倍用量氰戊菊酯均可引起小白菜MDA含量显著增加,且喷药浓度越高MDA含量越大,存在一定的剂量效应关系,表明氰戊菊酯胁迫促进了小白菜的膜脂过氧化作用.氰戊菊酯可对小白菜产生一定的氧化损伤,导致SOD、CAT、POD活性发生不同程度的变化.氰戊菊酯胁迫对SOD和POD活性以及MDA含量的影响相对较大,其中对MDA的影响最大,MDA含量可作为植物受到氰戊菊酯胁迫时的标记物.