中国主要红树林湿地中甲基汞的分布特征及影响因素初探

通过对海南、广东、广西、福建的8个主要红树林地区沉积物中甲基汞以及环境因子的研究,分析了红树林生态系统中甲基汞的分布及其汞的甲基化作用.结果表明:①沉积物中总汞和甲基汞的含量分布并不一致.中国主要红树林区海南(三亚、东寨港)、广东(特呈岛、雷州、高桥、福田)、广西(大冠沙)、福建(浮宫)表层沉积物中甲基汞含量分别为(0.24±0.04)、(0.58±0.27)、(0.52±0.23)、(1.56±0.49)、(0.50±0.25)、(1.21±0.36)、(1.86±1.04)和(0.47±0.16)ng.g-1.甲基汞含量有很明显的地域区别,其含量顺序为大冠沙雷州福田东寨港特呈岛高桥浮宫三亚.工业和养殖业输入的汞和有机质显著增加了沉积物中甲基汞水平.对比世界其他河口湿地,我国红树林湿地沉积物中的甲基汞污染较为严重.②红树林沉积物的甲基化比率介于0.11%～7.13%.甲基化比率顺序由大到小为大冠沙特呈岛雷州福田高桥东寨港三亚浮宫.甲基化比率与砂粒显著正相关(p0.05),与粉粒和黏粒显著负相关(p0.05).③沉积物中总细菌含量范围为2.44×1010～1.91×1011CFU/g(以干重计,下同),浮宫三亚高桥东寨福田大冠沙.各环境因子对微生物数量的影响无显著差异.沉积物中SRB的含量介于1.73×104～4.92×106CFU/g,福田浮宫东寨港三亚高桥大冠沙.高有机废水是导致沉积物中SRB含量增高的主要原因.沉积物类型对SRB在沉积物表层的分布也有较大影响.甲基汞和环境因子之间并没有明显的相关性,外源输入是我国红树林湿地沉积物中的甲基汞污染的主要原因.     

应用Modified Gompertz模型对城市生活垃圾沼气发酵的拟合研究

尽管Modified Gompertz模型与料菌比和发酵浓度之间没有直接的函数和变量关系,但是料菌比和浓度的变化必然导致Modified Gompertz模型参数的改变,因此可以通过Modified Gompertz模型参数的变化特征对料菌比和发酵浓度是否适宜作出合理的评价.据此本研究将采用中温批量发酵,分别设计单因素...     

真空冶金法回收废旧锌锰电池中金属汞和镉的工艺研究

本文通过试验采用真空冶金方法处理锌锰电池,分离回收其中的金属汞(Hg)和镉(Cd),考察真空度、温度、加热时间对两种金属回收率的影响,结果表明:Hg和Cd的回收率随着真空度、加热时间及温度的升高而增加,但在加热时间和温度达到一定值时,两种金属的回收率接近饱和值,最大值接近95%;真空冶金法回收废旧锌锰电池中金属Hg和C...     

原子荧光法测砷的测量不确定度评定报告

根据原子荧光光度法,用吉天AFS－830原子荧光光度计测定水样中的总砷,并且分析了主要的测量不确定度来源,即工作曲线不确定度、标准溶液不确定度、测量重复性不确定度和仪器分辨率不确定度,分别量化后合成测得总砷的测量不确定度。     

河南夏邑县长寿现象与土壤环境的关系

基于野外采样和室内分析,探讨了夏邑县土壤化学元素和长寿人口分布特征以及夏邑县不同乡镇间土壤元素的差异及其与长寿人口分布的相关性.结果表明,夏邑县长寿人口呈东北-西南方向带状分布,东北部95岁以上长寿人口平均为187位/百万人,西北部仅为83位/百万人;夏邑县土壤中Cd、Cr、Cu、Ni、Pb、Zn等重金属含量分别为(0...     

粒级、pH和有机质对汞在松花江沉积物表面吸附-解吸的影响

为进一步揭示汞在松花江沉积物表面的环境行为,通过模拟实验,研究粒级、pH和溶解性有机质(DOM)对汞在松花江沉积物表面吸附-解吸量的影响.结果表明,不同粒级沉积物的吸附能力差别较大,本实验条件下,沉积物粒级越小,其吸附能力越强.在各种浓度的实验设计组中均有:pH由3.5升高至4.5时,吸附量增加,当pH4.5时,随pH的继续升高吸附量开始降低;沉积物中汞的解吸量随pH的增加呈先下降后上升的趋势变化,各体系的最小值均出现在pH5.柠檬酸对沉积物吸附汞的影响以抑制作用为主,其抑制作用强度与吸附体系中汞浓度有关;柠檬酸对解吸量的影响也比较明显,随着柠檬酸浓度的增加,对沉积物中汞解吸作用的影响表现为促进-抑制-稳定的变化趋势.因此,以上因素对汞在沉积物表面吸附-解吸的影响较大,在进行河流汞污染控制及突发污染事件处理时,有必要充分考虑以上因素的影响.     

盘点最没有营养的十种食物

俗话说有披着羊皮的狼,现在有一些垃圾食品也披上了健康食品的外衣,一定要小心鉴别哦!生活中,我们总是容易被各种美食诱惑,有一些是因为它们的味道确实鲜美,还有一些则因为在通常印象中,它们极富营养。其实,我们还真需留个心眼,因为有些食物非但没有想象中的对身体有益,过多食用,还可能产生负面影响。     

Silver impregnated carbon for adsorption and desorption of elemental mercury vapors

The Hg0 vapor adsorption experimental results on a novel sorbent obtained by impregnating a commercially available activated carbon (Darco G60 from BDH) with silver nitrate were reported. The study was performed by using a fundamental approach, in an apparatus at laboratory scale in which a synthetic flue gas, formed by Hg0 vapors in a nitrogen gas stream, at a given temperature and mercury concentration, was flowed through a fixed bed of adsorbent material. Breakthrough curves and adsorption isotherms were obtained for bed temperatures of 90, 120 and 150°C and for Hg0 concentrations in the gas varying in the range of 0.8–5.0 mg/m3. The experimental gas-solid equilibrium data were used to evaluate the Langmuir parameters and the heat of adsorption. The experimental results showed that silver impregnated carbon was very effective to capture elemental mercury and the amount of mercury adsorbed by the carbon decreased as the bed temperature increased. In addition, to evaluate the possibility of adsorbent recovery, desorption was also studied. Desorption runs showed that both the adsorbing material and the mercury could be easily recovered, since at the end of desorption the residue on solid was almost negligible. The material balance on mercury and the constitutive equations of the adsorption phenomenon were integrated, leading to the evaluation of only one kinetic parameter which fits well both the experimentally determined breakthrough and desorption curves.     

Modeling the influence of ethanol on the adsorption and desorption of selected BTEX compounds on bentonite and kaolin

The study investigated the effects of ethanol on the adsorption properties of bentonite and kaolin for benzene and toluene removal.     

Transport and fate of mercury under different hydrologic regimes in polluted stream in mining area

Seepage from Hg mine wastes and calcines contains high concentrations of mercury (Hg). Hg pollution is a major environmental problem in areas with abandoned mercury mines and retorting units. This study evaluates factors, especially the hydrological and sedimentary variables, governing temporal and spatial variation in levels and state of mercury in streams impacted by Hg contaminated runo . Samples were taken during di erent flow regimes in theWanshan Hg mining area in Guizhou Province, China. In its headwaters the sampled streams/rivers pass by several mine wastes and calcines with high concentration of Hg. Seepage causes serious Hg contamination to the downstream area. Concentrations of Hg in water samples showed significant seasonal variations. Periods of higher flow showed high concentrations of total Hg (THg) in water due to more particles being re-suspended and transported. The concentrations of major anions (e.g., Cl??, F??, NO3?? and SO4 2??) were lower during higher flow due to dilution. Due to both sedimentation of particles and dilution from tributaries the concentration of THg decreased from 2100 ng/L to background levels (< 50 ng/L) within 10 km distance downstream. Sedimentation is the main reason for the fast decrease of the concentration, it accounts for 69% and 60% for higher flow and lower flow regimes respectively in the upper part of the stream. Speciation calculation of the dissolved Hg fraction (DHg) (using Visual MINTEQ) showed that Hg(OH)2 associated with dissolved organic matter is the main form of Hg in dissolved phase in surface waters in Wanshan (over 95%).