氧气热处理的TiO2纳米管阵列光电催化降解亚甲基蓝的研究

采用原位阳极氧化法在Ti基底上制备了高度有序的TiO2纳米管阵列薄膜,SEM图像表明TiO2纳米管定向排列整齐,分布均匀,其管径范围在70～100 nm.XRD结果证明,阳极氧化法制备的TiO2纳米管为无定型晶型,经退火后为具有良好光催化活性的锐钛矿型.以亚甲基蓝（methylene blue）为目标物研究了TiO2纳米管光电催化性能及影响因素,结果表明,以0.1 mol/L NaCl为电解质,在氧气热处理气氛下,外加偏压为0.5 V、pH=3.25、光照强度为1 000μW/cm2、纳米管薄膜表面积为2 cm×2 cm且MB初始浓度为10 mg/L的条件下,TiO2纳米管阵列薄膜光电催化降解MB的降解效率可达99.56%.电化学阻抗谱分析显示,光电催化降解过程的速控步骤均为表面反应步骤,外加偏压减小了界面电荷转移阻抗,提高了光生载流子的分离效率.     

电催化氧化法处理阳离子染料废水的试验研究

以结晶紫作为阳离子染料,采用电催化氧化法对阳离子染料溶液进行了电解脱色处理试验,研究了电流密度、电解质种类、电解质浓度、pH值等对该溶液脱色率的影响,测定了电解时溶液中生成的余氯浓度和溶液的紫外-可见吸收光谱曲线,并对不同电解时间的溶液的吸光度进行了归一化计算。结果表明:随着电解时间的延长,水溶液中活性氯浓度不断上升,经一定时间后达到最大值;在电催化和活性氯的协同作用下,阳离子染料结晶紫分子中的大π共轭体系被破坏、苯环结构基本瓦解,溶液快速脱色;在电流密度为5.1mA/cm2、NaCl浓度为4g/L、pH值为9.41的条件下,初始浓度为100mg/L的结晶紫溶液经过20min的电解,其脱色率可高达98.31%。     

芦苇化感物质EMA对铜绿微囊藻生长及藻毒素产生和释放的影响

研究了芦苇化感物质2-甲基乙酰乙酸乙酯（ethyl-2-methylacetoacetate,EMA）对铜绿微囊藻PCC7806的生长抑制特性以及对微囊藻毒素MC-LR产生和释放的影响.结果表明,EMA在培养1周内对铜绿微囊藻PCC7806具有较强的抑制作用,EC_50,7d值为2.0 mg·L^-1,但EMA的抑制效果随时间的延长而减弱.整个培养期间,EMA对MC-LR的胞外释放无显著影响.培养7　d后,单位藻细胞内MC-LR的含量随EMA浓度的增加而升高,EMA投加浓度为1.5　mg·L^-1时,单位藻细胞MC-LR的含量为25 ng·(10⁶个)^-1,比对照组增加了39%.但单位体积培养液中MC-LR总量（胞内和胞外的总和）随EMA浓度增加先略微升高后显著降低,EMA投加浓度为3 mg·L^-1时,培养液中MC-LR胞内胞外总量为28 μg·L^-1,约为对照组的一半;16　d后,EMA对单个细胞内MC-LR的含量以及MC-LR总量均无显著影响.     

钒掺杂磁铁矿对亚甲基蓝的吸附性能研究

采用共沉淀硝酸盐氧化法合成了不同掺杂量的钒掺杂磁铁矿(Fe3-xVxO4, x<0.4),并运用化学分析、X射线衍射(XRD)、BET比表面积测试、傅立叶变换红外光谱(FTIR)以及N2和空气气氛下的热重-差示扫描量热分析(TG-DSC)等手段对合成的Fe3-xVxO4进行了结构表征. 结果显示,合成的Fe3-xVxO4为立方晶系尖晶石结构,钒离子主要类质同像替换八面体位上的Fe3+. 合成的Fe3-xVxO4是纳米级的磁性材料,晶粒尺寸为28～35 nm. 钒掺杂作用增加了磁铁矿的表面羟基量. 吸附实验结果表明,在中性pH下,Fe3-xVxO4对亚甲基蓝的饱和吸附量随钒掺杂量的增加明显增大,其吸附等温线符合Langmuir方程. Fe3-xVxO4对亚甲基蓝的吸附反应主要在前25 min内完成,动力学曲线符合准二级动力学方程. 此外,提高溶液的pH有利于Fe3-xVxO4对亚甲基蓝的吸附.     

荧光桃红-溴化十六烷基三甲基铵检测有机磷农药残留总量

在pH为6.40的B-R缓冲溶液中,荧光桃红与一定浓度的溴化十六烷基三甲基胺发生荧光增强反应,加入有机磷农药后,体系的荧光强度降低,且降低程度与有机磷农药的加入量呈良好的线性关系,建立了用此荧光法来测定有机磷农药残留总量的新方法.在优化试验条件下,线性范围为0.008-0.72 mg·L-1,检出限为0.05 mg·L...     

春季黄渤海大气气溶胶的离子特征与来源分析

于2010年春季在黄海、渤海海域采集大气气溶胶总悬浮颗粒物（TSP）样品,并运用离子色谱法对其中主要的水溶性阴离子（Cl-、NO3-、SO24-、CH3SO3-（MSA））和阳离子（Na＋、K＋、NH4＋、Mg2＋、Ca2＋）浓度进行了测定.分析结果显示,黄海、渤海气溶胶样品中主要水溶性离子总浓度分别为10.2～47....     

Removal of copper ions from aqueous solution by calcium alginate immobilized kaolin

Kaolin has been widely used as an adsorbent to remove heavy metal ions from aqueous solutions. However, the lower heavy metal adsorption capacity of kaolin limits its practical application. A novel environmental friendly material, calcium alginate immobilized kaolin (kaolin/CA), was prepared using a sol-gel method. The e ects of contact time, pH, adsorbent dose, and temperature on Cu2+ adsorption by kaolin/CA were investigated. The Langmuir isotherm was used to describe the experimental adsorption, the maximum Cu2+ adsorption capacity of the kaolin/CA reached up to 53.63 mg/g. The thermodynamic studies showed that the adsorption reaction was a spontaneous and endothermic process.     

Application of magnetic particles modified with amino groups to adsorb copper ions in aqueous solution

A magnetic adsorbent can be easily recovered from treated water by magnetic force,without requiring further downstream treatment.In this research,amine-functionalized silica magnetite has been synthesized using N-[3-(trimethoxysilyl)propyl]-ethylenediamine(TPED) as a surface modification agent.The synthesized magnetic amine adsorbents were used to adsorb copper ions in an aqueous solution in a batch system,and the maximum adsorption was found to occur at pH 5.5 ± 0.1.The adsorption equilibrium data fitted t...     

Removal of heavy metal ions from aqueous solution using red loess as an adsorbent

The adsorption behaviors of heavy metals onto novel low-cost adsorbent, red loess, were investigated. Red loess was characterized by X-ray diffraction, scanning electron microscopy and Fourier transform infrared spectra. The results indicated that red loess mainly consisted of silicate, ferric and aluminum oxides. Solution pH, adsorbent dosage, initial metal concentration, contact time and temperature significantly influenced the efficiency of heavy metals removal. The adsorption reached equilibrium at 4 hr, and the experimental equilibrium data were fitted to Langmuir monolayer adsorption model. The adsorption of Cu(II) and Zn(II) onto red loess was endothermic, while the adsorption of Pb(II) was exothermic. The maximum adsorption capacities of red loess for Pb(II), Cu(II) and Zn(II) were estimated to be 113.6, 34.2 and 17.5 mg/g, respectively at 25°C and pH 6. The maximum removal efficiencies were 100% for Pb(II) at pH 7, 100% for Cu(II) at pH 8, and 80% for Zn(II) at pH 8. The used adsorbents were readily regenerated using dilute HC1 solution, indicating that red loess has a high reusability. All the above results demonstrated that red loess could be used as a possible alternative low-cost adsorbent for the removal of heavy metals from aqueous solution.     

Reversibly enhanced aqueous solubilization of volatile organic compounds using a redox-reversible surfactant

Surfactant-enhanced remediation (SER) is an effective method for the removal of volatile organic compounds (VOCs) from contaminated soils and groundwater. To reuse the surfactant the VOCs must be separated from the surfactant solutions. The water solubility of VOCs can be enhanced using reversible surfactants with a redox-acive group, (ferrocenylmethyl)dodecyldimethylammonium bromide (Fcl2) and (ferrocenylmethyl)tetradecanedimethylammonium bromide (Fcl4), above and below their critical micelle concentrations (CMC) under reducing (I⁺) and oxidative (I²⁺) conditions. The CMC values of Fcl2 and Fcl4 in I⁺ are 0.94 and 0.56 mmol/L and the solubilization of toluene by Fcl2 and Fcl4 in I⁺ for toluene is higher than the solubilization achieved with sodium dodecyl sulfate, cetyltrimethylammonium bromide and Trition X-114. The solubilization capacity of the ferrocenyl surfactants for each tested VOCs ranked as follows: ethylbenzene > toluene > benzene. The solubilities of VOCs by reversible surfactant in I⁺ were 30% higher than those in I²⁺ at comparable surfactant concentrations. The effects of Fcl4 concentrations on VOCs removal efficiency were as follows: benzene > toluene > ethylbenzene. However, an improved removal efficiency was achieved at low ferrocenyl surfactant concentrations. Furthermore, the reversible surfactant could be recycled through chemical approaches to remove organic pollutants, which could significantly reduce the operating costs of SER technology.