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排序方式: 共有187条查询结果,搜索用时 265 毫秒
71.
François Zimmermann Marie-Thérèse Lecler Frédéric Clerc Alain Chollot Eric Silvente Jérome Grosjean 《Waste management (New York, N.Y.)》2014,34(7):1257-1263
The fluorescent lamp recycling sector is growing considerably in Europe due to increasingly strict regulations aimed at inciting the consumption of low energy light bulbs and their end-of-life management. Chemical risks were assessed in fluorescent lamp recycling facilities by field measurement surveys in France, highlighting that occupational exposure and pollutant levels in the working environment were correlated with the main recycling steps and processes.The mean levels of worker exposure are 4.4 mg/m3, 15.4 μg/m3, 14.0 μg/m3, 247.6 μg/m3, respectively, for total inhalable dust, mercury, lead and yttrium. The mean levels of airborne pollutants are 3.1 mg/m3, 9.0 μg/m3, 9.0 μg/m3, 219.2 μg/m3, respectively, for total inhalable dust, mercury, lead and yttrium. The ranges are very wide. Surface samples from employees’ skin and granulometric analysis were also carried out. The overview shows that all the stages and processes involved in lamp recycling are concerned by the risk of hazardous substances penetrating into the bodies of employees, although exposure of the latter varies depending on the processes and tasks they perform. The conclusion of this study strongly recommends the development of a new generation of processes in parallel with more information sharing and regulatory measures. 相似文献
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利用气相色谱/燃烧/同位素比值质谱(GC/C/IRMS)分析技术,采用NaHSO3与半胱胺衍生化方法,测定了气态乙醛在衍生化反应过程中的碳同位素效应,探讨了采用该方法测定大气乙醛碳同位素组成的可行性。试验测定了乙醛、衍生剂半胱胺及相应衍生物的碳同位素比值,结果表明,乙醛衍生物的δ13C测量值与理论值的偏差范围为0.11‰~0.35‰,在仪器精密度范围内(<0.50‰),即在衍生化过程中基本不会发生碳同位素分馏。采用该方法初步测定了大气中乙醛的碳同位素组成,实测数据显示,广州地化所和肇庆鼎湖山大气乙醛δ13C平均值分别为(-34.21±0.27)‰和(-31.23±0.16)‰,相同采样点的大气乙醛碳同位素组成基本不变,可见该方法可作为研究大气乙醛不同排放源的一种有效方法。 相似文献
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Abstract Ground level ozone pollution has become a significant air pollution problem in Beijing. Because of the complex way in which ozone is formed, it is difficult for policy makers to identify optimal control options on a cost-effective basis. This paper identifies and assesses a range of options for addressing this problem. We apply the Ambient Least Cost Model and compare the economic costs of control options, then recommend the most effective sequence to realize pollution control at the lowest cost. The study finds that installing of Stage II gasoline vapor recovery system at Beijing’s 1446 gasoline stations would be the most cost-effective option. Overall, options to reduce ozone pollution by cutting vehicular emissions are much more cost-effective than options to “clean up” coal-fired power plants. 相似文献
77.
本文以博罗县2005—2011年间的环境空气监测数据为依据,采用空气污染综合指数法评价大气环境质量,并运用Spearman秩相关系数预测未来发展趋势。结果表明:博罗县环境空气质量为优,主要污染物为二氧化氮,年日平均浓度呈上升趋势,不显著。 相似文献
78.
Liu Y Sklorz M Schnelle-Kreis J Orasche J Ferge T Kettrup A Zimmermann R 《Chemosphere》2006,62(11):1889-1898
The concentrations of some polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAH) and oxygenated PAH (O-PAH) can be changed by oxidation reactions during sampling. This can lead to an over- or underestimation of the corresponding adverse health effects. The aim of this study was the evaluation of these sampling artefacts. The potential of using an oxidant denuder was shown by parallel low-volume sampling with and without MnO2 ozone denuder. Twenty-three PAH and 11 O-PAH in ambient air were analysed, both in the vapour and particulate phase. The denuder was proven to be highly efficient for stripping ozone from air while causing no significant particle losses. In general, the concentrations of 5- to 7-ring PAH, which are predominantly associated with particles, were underestimated in non-denuded samples. The highest losses due to reaction with ozone and other atmospheric oxidants were observed for benzo[a]pyrene and perylene. Concurrently, the concentrations of most of the mainly particle-associated 4- to 5-ring O-PAH were higher in the non-denuded samples. The denuder did not only remove ozone, moreover other gaseous species such as more volatile PAH and O-PAH were partially oxidized on the catalytic surface, too. Degradation of PAH and concurrent degradation/formation reactions of O-PAH occurred. The corresponding reactivities of selected PAH and O-PAH are discussed. 相似文献
79.
Measurements of carbonyls and C2–C6 non-methane hydrocarbons (NMHCs) were made in ambient air at a rural site at the summit of Whiteface Mountain (WFM) in New York State. Alkanes dominated in the samples, with ethane and propane making up about 55% of the total on a carbon-atom basis. Ethane, the longest-lived of the NMHCs, showed a mixing ratio in the range of 0.86–2.1 ppbv. Photochemical ageing analysis indicated an anthropogenic influence on the NMHC levels. The photochemical reactivity of the hydrocarbons, calculated in terms of propylene-equivalent concentration, was dominated by alkenes (propene and ethene), which accounted for 74% of the total NMHC sum. Air mass back-trajectories have been used to investigate the origin of the observed NMHCs and carbonyls. Higher concentrations were found when air masses arrived from the midwestern US corridor. Acetone was the most abundant species, comprising from 31% to 53% of the total detected carbonyls, followed by MEK (15–53%), HCHO (7–39%), and CH3CHO (7–19%). Average concentrations were determined to be 1.61 ppbv for CH3C(O)CH3, 1.40 ppbv for MEK, 1.16 ppbv for HCHO, and 0.49 ppbv for CH3CHO. The variations in carbonyl concentrations were observed to follow patterns similar to variations in O3 concentrations, typical of secondary products. Correlations and statistical analysis of the carbonyls and NMHCs were performed, and showed that most of the compounds derived from mixing and photochemical transformation of long-range transported pollutants from the major source areas. Ranking of the carbonyls with respect to removal of the OH radical showed HCHO to be the most important species, followed by CH3CHO, MEK, and CH3C(O)CH3. 相似文献
80.
An Index to Measure Depreciation in Air Quality in Some Coal Mining Areas of Korba Industrial Belt of Chhattisgarh, India 总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1
Singh G 《Environmental monitoring and assessment》2006,122(1-3):309-317
The comparison with National Ambient Air Quality Standards does not always depict a true pic-ture of the Air Quality Status of a study area. As an alternative an index that measures depreciation in Air Quality on more realistic terms has been proposed and
applied to the ambient air monitoring data collected from some areas of Korba Coalfields in India. Results have been discussed in detail to illustrate the applica-tion of the proposed index and utility in bringing out more realistic air quality assessment. 相似文献