Competitive diesel engine emissions of sulphur and nitrogen species

NO_x, nitrate and sulphate emissions from a typical European passenger car diesel engine have been measured testing eight different fuels under five steady operating conditions (reproducing modes of the European transient urban/extraurban certification cycle). It is confirmed that nitrogen species compete with sulphur compounds to be adsorbed by diesel particulate matter (DPM) before being emitted into the atmosphere. This competition is found to increase with engine load, and is explained on the basis of the different specific surface and adsorption capacity of soot particles under different operating modes. When a high specific surface is available, as occurs in low load modes, both nitrates and sulphates are adsorbed by soot particles. On the contrary when a small surface is accessible, like in high load modes, sulphates are selectively adsorbed. This is specially important since sulphates are responsible for hydrocarbon retention in DPM due to the scrubbing effect.     

燃烧尾气中NOx选择性还原反应催化剂研究进展

介绍了从燃烧尾气中脱除ＮＯｘ的一系列选择性催化还原体系,其特色为能在氧浓度在较高条件下,利用燃烧尾气中未反应的有机物作还原剂,高选择性地与ＮＯｘ反应,其中负载Ｃｕ的ＺＳＭ－５催化剂有很高的活性,阐述了工业应用中存在的问题及对策。     

Photocatalytic degradation of NOx in a pilot street canyon configuration using TiO2-mortar panels

Titanium dioxide is the most important photocatalysts used for purifying applications. If a TiO₂- containing material is left outdoors as a form of flat panels, it is activated by sunlight to remove harmful NOx gases during the day. The photocatalytic efficiency of a TiO₂-treated mortar for removal of NOx was investigated in the frame of this work. For this purpose a fully equipped monitoring system was designed at a pilot site. This system allows the in situ evaluation of the de-polluting properties of a photocatalytic material by taking into account the climatologic phenomena in street canyons, accurate measurements of pollution level and full registration of meteorological data The pilot site involved three artificial canyon streets, a pollution source, continuous NOx measurements inside the canyons and the source as well as background and meteorological measurements. Significant differences on the NOx concentration level were observed between the TiO₂ treated and the reference canyon. NOx values in TiO₂ canyon were 36.7 to 82.0% lower than the ones observed in the reference one. Data arising from this study could be used to assess the impact of the photocatalytic material on the purification of the urban environment.     

氨法烟气脱硫脱硝的技术特征

氨法烟气脱硫脱硝具有显著的技术优势：脱硫效率高。脱硫脱硝一举两得，不耗费热量不产生废渣，脱硫刺利用充分用量小，不损害设备有节能功效。     

富氧条件下碳氢化合物选择性催化还原NO研究进展

在富氧条件下,用碳氢化合物选择性催化还原NO,是最近十年来国外学术界的研究热点之一,本文对此方面的工作进行了综述,着重论述了催化剂性能影响因素和催化反应机理,并指出了今后的努力方向.     

活性炭低温催化还原NOx影响因素及反应机理分析

以活性炭为催化剂,NH₃为还原剂考察了温度,氧含量,SO₂和H₂O等因素对NO_x去除率的影响;同时采用暂态响应技术研究了活性炭低温氨选择性催化还原(SCR)NO_x的反应机理.结果表明:在实验条件下,NO_x去除率随温度的增加逐渐降低,随氧含量的升高逐渐升高,但当φ(O₂)大于2.5%时去除率增加缓慢,说明活性炭具有良好的低温SCR活性,氧的加入促进了NO_x的催化还原,在活性炭低温氨选择性催化还原NO_x的反应中,将NO预氧化为NO₂可提高NO_x的还原率;在短时间内SO₂的通入对其SCR反应影响较小;H₂O的加入大大降低了活性炭的SCR活性,使活性炭催化剂毒化.该SCR反应按Eley-Rideal机理进行,NH₃的吸附过程为该催化过程的控制性步骤.      

天津大气污染物日变化特征的WRF-Chem 数值模拟

利用大气化学完全耦合模式WRF-Chem 对天津市环境空气中特征污染物CO、NO_x、O₃、PM2.5 的时间变化规律和空间分布特征进行了数值模拟研究,并与实际观测资料进行了对比.结果表明,天津市CO、NO_x、O₃、PM_2.5 具有明显的时空变化特征:O₃ 浓度在中午出现最高值,夜间浓度较低;NO_x、O₃、PM_2.5 在晚上和清晨出现高浓度,午后至傍晚浓度较低.O₃ 在空间分布上表现为中午市区比郊区浓度高,夜间郊区浓度高.其他污染物则均表现为市区浓度高于郊区.在当日东北风情况下,周边地区对天津市污染的影响较小,4 类污染物主要是受本地源的影响.     

低浓度SO2和NOx自动监测系统性能评价方法

通过对7种废气自动监测系统的比较研究和现场测试,提出了非分散红外法、紫外差分法、紫外荧光法、化学发光法等多种SO2和NO x自动监测技术在低浓度范围实现准确定量监测的性能评价方法,定义了CEMS的系统检出限及其主要影响因素。建议采用系统检出限、线性误差等关键参数作为低浓度CEMS的性能评价方法,提出将全系统多点标准气体校准或加标回收率作为验收和质控监督的基本方法。     

燃气电厂氮氧化物排放控制技术对比分析

目前全球各国都在提倡节能减排，而氮氧化物是造成环境污染的主要物质之一。随着国家新的《火电厂大气污染物排放标准》(GB13223-2011)的实施，对火电厂烟气氮氧化物单位时间排放量提出了明确要求。以新疆克拉玛依电厂燃烧系统改造工程为例，分析国内外氮氧化物排放控制技术的优缺点，并提出最优方案。     

W火焰炉低氮燃烧改造可行性研究

对黔北电厂1～4号W火焰锅炉实际运行状态进行分析，得出NO。排放浓度偏高的主要原因，并提出1—4号机组W火焰炉低氮改造的方案，即在拱下燃烧室内组织大回流长火焰燃烧方式，并通过SOFA风形成炉内深度空气分级低氮燃烧。同时针对1、2号炉和3、4号炉各自特性提出具体的改造方案，保证在锅炉效率不降低的条件下，1～4号W火焰锅炉的NOx排放浓度不高于850mg／m3，从而为W火焰锅炉低氮燃烧改造提供可行性方案，保证W火焰锅炉下一步烟气脱硝的顺利进行。