投加阳离子聚合物加速UASB反应器中颗粒污泥形成

运行2个UASB反应器，研究常温低浓度进水条件下，投加阳离子季胺盐絮凝剂对厌氧颗粒污泥形成的影响。一个反应器中投加阳离子季胺盐絮凝剂（称A反应器），另一个反应器作为对照不投加絮凝剂（称B反应器）。经过196 d的运行，2个反应器中均形成了活性较高、沉降性能良好的颗粒污泥。A反应器中的污泥颗粒更多、粒径更大，粒径＞0.5 mm的污泥颗粒的百分比比B反应器的多16%～19.3%。研究结果表明，投加阳离子聚合物加速了颗粒污泥的形成，提高了颗粒污泥的产甲烷活性和沉降性能。     

ABR处理低浓度废水的污泥颗粒化研究

通过两个ABR反应器不同启动方式的对比,考察了污泥颗粒化的进程。试验以污水厂的厌氧污泥为对象,以颗粒污泥的粒径、形成特征等作为评价污泥颗粒化的指标,分析了控制进水CODcr浓度和改变水力停留时间两种运行方式对污泥颗粒化的影响。试验结果表明,两种启动运行方式均能够实现污泥的颗粒化,但在颗粒粒径和颗粒化程度上有所区别。培养出的颗粒污泥形状一般为球形或椭球形,直径在1 mm～2 mm。污泥结构紧密,表面较光滑,以丝状产甲烷菌为主。     

厌氧污泥颗粒化中微生态形成过程表征

采用荧光原位杂交（FISH）和聚合酶链式反应-变性梯度凝胶电泳（PCR-DGGE）技术,表征了厌氧污泥颗粒化过程中微生物种群多样性及群落相似性的变化,解析了关键微生物中产氢产乙酸菌、耗氢产乙酸菌及产甲烷菌的动态演替,初步探讨了颗粒污泥微生态群落的形成过程.结果表明,正常启动的厌氧反应器中,颗粒污泥生长周期超过180 d...     

Rapid aerobic granulation in an SBR treating piggery wastewater by seeding sludge from a municipal WWTP

Aerobic sludge granulation was rapidly obtained in the erlenmeyer bottle and sequencing batch reactor (SBR) using piggery wastewater. Aerobic granulation occurred on day 3 and granules with mean diameter of 0.2 mm and SVI₃₀ of 20.3 mL/g formed in SBR on day 18. High concentrations of Ca and Fe in the raw piggery wastewater and operating mode accelerated aerobic granulation, even though the seed sludge was from a municipal wastewater treatment plant (WWTP). Alpha diversity analysis revealed Operational Taxonomic Units, Shannon, ACE and Chao 1 indexes in aerobic granules were 2013, 5.51, 4665.5 and 3734.5, which were obviously lower compared to seed sludge. The percentages of major microbial communities, such as Proteobacteria, Bacteroidetes and Firmicutes were obviously higher in aerobic granules than seed sludge. Chloroflexi, Planctomycetes, Actinobacteria, TM7 and Acidobacteria showed much higher abundances in the inoculum. The main reasons might be the characteristics of raw piggery wastewater and granule structure.     

Qualitatively and quantitatively assessing the aggregation ability of sludge during aerobic granulation process combined XDLVO theory with physicochemical properties

Inexact mechanism of aerobic granulation still impedes optimization and application of aerobic granules. In this study, the extended Derjaguin, Landau, Verwey, and Overbeek(XDLVO) theory and physicochemical properties were combined to assess the aggregation ability of sludge during aerobic granulation process qualitatively and quantitatively. Results show that relative hydrophobicity of sludge and polysaccharide content of extracellular polymeric substances(EPS) increased, while electronegativity of sludge decreased during acclimation phase. After 20 days' acclimation, small granules began to form due to high aggregation ability of sludge. Since then, coexisted flocs and granules possessed distinct physicochemical properties during granulation and maturation phase. The relative hydrophobicity decreased while electronegativity increased for flocs, whereas that for granules presented reverse trend. Through analyzing the interaction energy using the XDLVO theory, small granules tended to self-grow rather than self-aggregate or attach of flocs due to poor aggregation ability between flocs and granules during the granulation phase. Besides, remaining flocs were unlikely to self-aggregate owing to poor aggregation ability, low hydrophobicity and high electronegativity.     

锥组对ASBR性能的影响及其流场模拟

结合计算流体动力学(CFD)流场模拟,分析研究了二次流场下锥组对厌氧序批式反应器(ASBR)处理效果和污泥性状的影响。结果表明:锥组改善了双层搅拌桨下的二次流场,增强了ASBR的混合和污泥沉降效果,促进了污泥颗粒化,增加了污泥浓度,从而提高了处理效率和抗有机负荷冲击能力。在试验范围内,有机负荷越高,锥组对处理效果的改善越明显,在COD容积负荷为1.2 kg/(m3·d)时,设有锥组的ASBR出水ρ(COD)为450 mg/L,而未设锥组的为930 mg/L;通过锥组的浅层沉降作用和污泥在锥壁上的滚动压缩作用,污泥沉降效果明显提高,颗粒化速度加快,在运行初期设有锥组的ASBR即可在15 min内沉至出水液面以下,而未设锥组的ASBR需要约30 min,且在40 d时,R2中有45.4%污泥实现了颗粒化,而R1中只有32.5%。     

全自养硝化污泥的颗粒化过程研究

利用SBR反应器,以浓度(以N计,下同)120～650 mg/L的自配氨氮废水,在0.48～3.60 kg/(m3.d)的氨氮负荷下,探讨了自养硝化颗粒污泥的形成过程.结果表明,以硝化污泥接种,氨氮负荷为0.48 kg/(m3.d),温度为30℃±2℃,逐渐缩短沉淀时间至10 min的条件下,硝化颗粒可以在第22 d形成,并在第43 d进入相对稳定期,平均粒径达到500μm左右.颗粒污泥的平均粒径变化经历了迟滞期、快速增长期和稳定期3个阶段.污泥平均粒径由接种污泥的127μm增长到稳定期的500μm左右.在快速增长期,平均粒径增长速度可达12μm/d.成熟颗粒污泥的形状规则、分界清晰,分布有大量杆菌,粒径300μm的颗粒污泥所占比例达74.6%,污泥相中已基本没有絮状污泥.污泥在颗粒化过程中,颜色由接种污泥的灰褐色转变为颗粒污泥的黄红色.硝化颗粒污泥表面分布有大量杆菌和块状的EPS结构.     

因巴法水渣系统应用及评价

因巴法水渣技术在目前国内高炉生产中得到广泛应用。就此技术改造经验，从四个方面即，设备完好率与除尘率及同步运转率、粉尘作业职工尘肺发病率和尘肺发病年龄、作业场所粉尘浓度、防尘技术措施的经济效益，阐述了水渣系统的先进性能，并通过环境监测进行综合评价。     

加速厌氧污泥颗粒化的研究进展

厌氧污泥颗粒化过程是一个多阶段过程,取决于操作条件、基质组成等多种因素.在简述污泥颗粒化机理及影响因素的基础上,综述了近年来加速厌氧污泥颗粒化的研究进展,指出厌氧污泥颗粒化应用前景广阔,并提出了几点建议.希望能为厌氧污泥颗粒化技术的工程实践提供一定的理论基础.     

厌氧氨氧化污泥恢复过程中的颗粒特性

目前运行容易失稳已成为制约厌氧氨氧化(ANAMMOX)工艺应用的因素之一.在保证底物不抑制的条件下,通过对实验室前期运行失稳的连续流全混反应器(CSTR)中的厌氧氨氧化污泥进行活性恢复,研究了滞留的基质浓度对ANAMMOX污泥恢复过程中颗粒化及活性的影响.结果表明,经过126d运行,ANAMMOX污泥活性获得恢复且脱氮能力明显提升.控制高、低基质浓度水平的2个反应器均能实现污泥的颗粒化及氮素的高效去除,NRR最大分别达到16. 97 kg·(m~3·d)~(-1)和14. 43 kg·(m~3·d)~(-1).随着反应器脱氮能力的提高(污泥颗粒粒径增大),R1、R2两个反应器内污泥的胞外聚合物EPS含量(以VSS计)均增大,分别由接种时的34. 45 mg·g~(-1)增大至77. 52 mg·g~(-1)和94. 18 mg·g~(-1),PN/PS由1. 89分别增大到6. 25和6. 84.在一定范围内,PN/PS比值增大有利于ANAMMOX污泥颗粒化,但PN/PS过大会导致颗粒污泥结构失稳上浮,加剧污泥流失现象.