Sustainability in manufacturing processes: practices performed in metal forming,casting, heat treatment,welding and electrostatic painting

ABSTRACT

This article aims to list the main sustainable practices developed in the processes of metal forming, casting, heat treatment, welding and electrostatic painting. When analysed the literature about sustainable manufacturing, a predominance of studies about machining is observed and the processes mentioned are few explored in academic studies. The research strategy used to reach the objective was systematic literature review, conducted for each process cited. Many sustainable practices were identified with prominence of better materials use and energy efficiency. The authors of this article believe that the information presented here can be useful for researches in their future studies and for industry professionals interested in improving manufacturing processes.     

物质代谢研究进展综述

传统的线性经济生活模式导致人类社会面临着巨大的环境压力,因此为提高资源的利用效率,实现社会经济的可持续发展,物质代谢研究逐渐成为近年来国际研究领域的热点问题。文章从三方面对国际上关于物质代谢研究进展做了阐述:①物质代谢的研究背景;②物质代谢的基础性研究,包括不同层次的物质代谢吞吐量的研究和物质代谢定量分析方法的探讨;③物质代谢相关的研究进展,包括土地利用/覆盖变化、自然环境效应和可持续发展与物质代谢作用关系的讨论。最后,对其未来的发展方向提出了一些建议,认为除了要进一步完善物质代谢研究方法和模型外,还应从土地利用/覆盖变化、研究尺度、政策和行为、生态环境效应等角度对物质代谢进行拓展分析。     

环境工程与生态工程复合体系发展动态

以环境与可持续发展这条线索为基准 ,从起源、发展、应用等多个方面将环境工程与生态工程进行了方法学的比较 ;对二者复合体系以环境生态工程在实践中的应用和发展动态 ,通过基塘系统、缫丝厂废水治理、污染净化生物栅技术、蚯蚓生物滤池以及在环境修复中的应用进行了较详尽的介绍     

人工纳米材料对斑马鱼生态毒理效应研究进展

随着纳米技术的快速发展,人工纳米材料在光电、生物医药、化妆品等诸多领域得到了广泛应用。人工纳米材料在生产、使用和废弃处理等过程中,不可避免地通过水体、土壤、大气等进入环境,其对环境产生的生态效应逐渐引起国内外的广泛关注。斑马鱼(Danio rerio)作为一种重要的脊椎模式生物,在环境毒理学研究中应用广泛,可以作为检测人工纳米材料生态毒理效应的一种重要工具。本文介绍了人工纳米材料对水生态环境的影响及斑马鱼在生态毒理学研究中的优势,总结了其对斑马鱼的毒性效应,主要包括急性毒性和对个体发育的影响、对组织细胞及基因表达的影响,分析了人工纳米材料对斑马鱼的毒性机制,以期为人工纳米材料毒理学研究提供基础信息。     

交通领域减污降碳协同控制研究回顾及展望

交通运输行业是二氧化碳和空气污染物排放的主要贡献者之一,开展交通领域的减污降碳协同控制政策是实现“双碳”目标和空气污染防治的迫切需要。本研究追溯了交通领域减污降碳协同控制的起源及发展,回顾了交通领域协同减污降碳的主要路径,具体包括交通基础信息协同、交通排放清单编制协同、交通减排目标设定与减排情景分析协同、交通减排技术及措施工具箱协同,以及交通减排保障措施协同。然后,从研究范围、研究方法、协同度评价体系构建、污染相关健康协同效应、研究区域等方面对交通领域减污降碳协同控制的研究实践及特点进行了分析,并相应提出了对未来研究的展望。     

Ethical considerations when conservation research involves people

Social science is becoming increasingly important in conservation, with more studies involving methodologies that collect data from and about people. Conservation science is a normative and applied discipline designed to support and inform management and practice. Poor research practice risks harming participants and, researchers, and can leave negative legacies. Often, those at the forefront of field-based research are early-career researchers, many of whom enter their first research experience ill-prepared for the ethical conundrums they may face. We draw on our own experiences as early-career researchers to illuminate how ethical challenges arise during conservation research that involves human participants. Specifically, we considered ethical review procedures, conflicts of values, and power relations, and devised broad recommendations on how to navigate ethical challenges when they arise during research. In particular, we recommend researchers apply reflexivity (i.e., thinking that allows researchers to recognize the effect researchers have on the research) to help navigate ethical challenges and encourage greater engagement with ethical review processes and the development of ethical guidelines for conservation research that involves human participants. Such guidelines must be accompanied by the integration of rigorous ethical training into conservation education. We believe our experiences are not uncommon and can be avoided and hope to spark discussion to contribute to a more socially just conservation.     

制糖废水的主要处理工艺及发展方向刍议

制糖废水是一种高浓度的有机废水,按污染程度可分为低浓度废水、中浓度废水、高浓度废水三种类型。这种废水的主要处理工艺有物化法和生化法,以及各种方法相结合的组合工艺。本文就这种废水的处理方法作简要综述,分析各处理工艺的优缺点,为制糖废水的处理提供参考,最后提出制糖废水的处理发展方向。     

固定化微生物技术修复PAHs污染土壤的研究进展

多环芳烃(PAHs)是环境中普遍存在的一类典型有机污染物,绿色修复PAHs污染土壤已成为国内外环境和土壤界共同关注的热点问题之一.作为一种新型的微生物修复技术,固定化微生物修复有机污染土壤正受到越来越多的关注,国内外相关研究刚刚开始.本文重点评述了近几年国内外有关固定化微生物技术修复PAHs污染土壤的最新进展,总结了固定化微生物技术的修复原理、微生物固定化载体的选择、高效降解菌的筛选、固定化方法及影响因素等方面,并提出今后的发展方向,为我国开展固定化微生物技术修复有机污染土壤的研究提供参考.     

From a literature review to a conceptual framework for sustainable supply chain management

Academic and corporate interest in sustainable supply chain management has risen considerably in recent years. This can be seen by the number of papers published and in particular by journal special issues. To establish the field further, the purpose of this paper is twofold. First, it offers a literature review on sustainable supply chain management taking 191 papers published from 1994 to 2007 into account. Second, it offers a conceptual framework to summarize the research in this field comprising three parts. As starting point related triggers are identified. This allows putting forward two distinct strategies: (1) supplier management for risks and performance, and (2) supply chain management for sustainable products. It is evident that research is still dominated by green/environmental issues. Social aspects and also the integration of the three dimensions of sustainability are still rare.Both practitioners in companies and academics might find the review useful, as it outlines major lines of research in the field. Further, it discusses specific features of sustainable supply chains as well as limitations of existing research; this should stimulate further research.