中国北方典型设施菜地土壤稀土元素分布特征及环境意义

以我国北方地区天津武清、山西晋中、辽宁沈阳和内蒙古乌兰察布等地的典型设施菜地土壤为研究对象,分析设施蔬菜种植过程中土壤稀土元素的变化特征,尝试利用稀土元素特征值示踪、表征人类活动对土壤生态环境干扰的可行性.结果发现,辽宁沈阳设施菜地表层土壤中稀土元素总量（REE）范围为146.52～158.76mg·kg^-1,均值为152.34 mg·kg^-1;天津武清区设施菜地表层土壤中稀土元素总量范围为92.16～137.69 mg·kg^-1,均值为115.03mg·kg^-1;内蒙古乌兰察布表层土壤的总量范围为91.38～118.84 mg·kg^-1,均值为108.03mg·kg^-1;山西晋中榆次表层土壤的总量范围为97.62～111.27 mg·kg^-1,均值为102.43mg·kg^-1.以球粒陨石为参照对设施菜地土壤进行标准化所获得的4个地区土壤中稀土元素的配分模式基本一致,均表现为向右倾斜特征.土壤中轻稀土与重稀土含量...     

干旱内陆河流域降水稳定同位素的时空特征及环境意义

依据石羊河流域武威站(海拔1 531 m)、民勤站(海拔1 389 m)和西大河(海拔2 897 m)于2013年7月至2014年7月一个完整水文年的降水样品和气象数据,分析该流域降水稳定同位素的时空变化和局地大气降水线,讨论降水过程中温度、湿度、降水量、平均水汽压以及相对湿度等环境因素对降水稳定同位素演化的影响.结果表明:①研究时段内降水稳定同位素呈现出显著的季节性变化,冬季和春季较低,夏季和秋季较高;②武威站D-excess月均值低于西大河,除可能具有不同的水汽来源外,也反映了高海拔山地地区更多的受到局地再循环水汽的影响,低海拔平原地区云下二次蒸发更强烈;③流域降水稳定同位素表现出显著的温度效应,在天气尺度上体现出降水量效应,可能是受到淋洗作用或季风环流的影响;④δ18O值与平均相对湿度呈负相关关系,可能是随着降水量与湿度的增加使云下二次蒸发作用减弱.     

特种个体防护用品(装备)安全标志管理的发展历程及重要作用

简要介绍了特种个体防护用品(装备)生产制造许可及安全标志管理的发展阶段,分析了特种个体防护用品(装备)安全标志管理的重要作用,最后指出在目前安全标志使用中仍有欠缺,需加强管理。     

山东沂南金矿床流体包裹体特征及地质意义

本文从流体包裹体出发,讨论了沂南金矿床的成矿物质来源和成矿机制。各成矿阶段的矽卡岩矿物、石英和方解石中流体包裹体岩相学和显微测温研究结果表明,包裹体主要类型有气液水包裹体、含子矿物多相包裹体、CO2-H2O包裹体和晶质熔体包裹体,其中熔体包裹体在较早期的石榴石、绿帘石和石英中发育。Ⅰ、Ⅱ成矿阶段的成矿流体具有高温和高盐度的特征,均一温度分别为430~520℃、340~430℃,盐度分别为56.7 wt%NaCl2、2.2~53.5 wt%NaCl,代表铁矿化时的流体特征;Ⅲ成矿阶段流体具有中低温(190~250℃)、盐度范围变化较大(6.45~53.5 wt%NaCl)的特征,代表了Cu,Au矿化时的流体活动情况;Ⅳ成矿阶段包裹体均一温度100~190℃,盐度为2.07~15.76 wt%NaCl。根据不同类型包裹体共生组合及流体演化特征,认为流体的不混溶性是导致大量金属沉淀的主要原因,岩浆热液在成矿流体中占主导地位。     

Null-Hypothesis Significance Testing and the Critical Weight Range for Australian Mammals

Abstract:  The critical weight range hypothesis for Australian terrestrial mammals states that species in the intermediate size range 35–5500 g are particularly susceptible to extinction. In a 2001 study Cardillo and Bromham found no statistically significant evidence for this hypothesis and suggested that research should instead focus on why small species are resistant to extinction. We used a similar data set of body sizes of Australian mammals grouped by conservation classification, but we used test statistics (mean deviation above and below the median body size) that are more statistically powerful than those of Cardillo and Bromham (quartiles, maxima, and minima of body size distributions). We found strong evidence in favor of the critical weight range hypothesis: the body size distribution of threatened species was more clustered toward the median body size from above and below. This pattern was statistically significant at the continental scale and in the arid zone, but not in the mesic zone. Confusing statistical significance with evidence of no effect, as Cardillo and Bromham did, can have negative implications for conservation biology because it can result in failure to act when action is warranted or provision of incorrect advice that affects policy and planning decisions.     

A cost analysis technique for research management and design

A classic research approach is to optimize experimental design and available resources. However, that approach does not guarantee that results will be useful. This article takes the view that research should not be undertaken unless there is assurance that final results will be significant to a level specified before any work is begun. Given that assurance, the relationship between cost and statistical significance is explored, a new approach to optimization s developed, and the use of models in research design is considered.     

长江口泥螺的种群特征及其生态学意义

20 0 0年 5月中、下旬对长江口南汇边滩泥螺种群进行了调查和统计分析 ,结果表明 :泥螺种群呈聚集型分布 ;泥螺种群密度分别为 2 1.2 /m2 和 32 .8/m2 ;生物量分别为 2 5.60g/m2 WW和4 4 .89g/m2 WW或 2 .0 5g/m2 DW和 3.4 9g/m2 DW ;平均壳高分别为 1.19cm和 1.34cm ,壳高日生长量为 98.7μm ,月生长率达 2 4 .9% ;种群分别以壳高 1.0 0～ 1.2 0cm ( 4 7.0 6% )和 1.2 0～ 1.4 0cm( 4 1.90 % )的种群占绝对优势 ;性成熟个体比例分别占 32 .4 %和 78.3% ,整个泥螺种群处于生长期向繁殖期过渡阶段。壳高 (H)与壳宽 (B)、湿重 (WW )、存水量 (F1)、相对存水量 (F2 )与WW之间回归方程分别为 :H =0 .180 4 3+1.2 750 B、WW =0 .4 4 75 H2 .512 8、F1=0 .760 2 WW -0 .4 661、F2 =34 .0 2 1 WW - 8.666,相关显著。平均肥满度 ( 0 )和鲜出肉率 (PF)分别为 2 99.2 7%和 62 .15% ,它们与 WW呈负相关 ,回归方程分别为 :0 =34 7.0 8- 38.11 WW和PF =10 5.74 -34 .72 WW ,前者相关性较差 ,后者显著。 2 0 0 0年 5月初泥螺旺发与水动力条件、营养盐累积及饵料密切相关 ;目前的人工捕捞水平不会导致泥螺资源种群的数量下降 ,反而有助于发挥泥螺种群的环境净化功能。     

儒家思想中的“诚“、“信“及其现实意义

古老的儒家思想中,"诚"和"信"是一对包含不同内涵及思维过程的互生词,代表了不同的思维和认识层面.搞清楚这一点,对于我们在全社会领域倡导诚信,推动精神文明建设,会在方法和措施上有一定的启示和帮助.     

旅游资源的资产化管理

在分析我国旅游资源管理体制存在的主要问题的基础上，提出了建立旅游资源资产化管理体制的建议，阐述了旅游资源资产化管理的内涵及意义，分析了旅游资源资产化管理的可行性以及在推行中应注意的几个问题。     

The significance of environmental impacts: an exploration of the concept

Since environmental impact assessment (EIA) is concerned primarily withsignificant environmental impacts, the concept of impact significance deserves to be defined and applied rigorously. In this article use of the term over the past 15 years in EIA documentation is reviewed. Some recent attempts at elucidating the concept are summarized. Four perspectives on impact significance that emerged from a series of workshops on the ecological basis for EIA are presented. These perspectives include (a) statistical (related to problems of isolating project-induced changes from natural variation), (b) ecological (related to the importance of project-induced changes from a purely ecological perspective), (c) social (related to the acceptability of project-induced changes in important environmental attributes), and (d) project (related to whether project-induced changes will indeed influence project decision making). The following synthesis is proposed: Any exercise in judging the significance of an environmental impact should thoroughly consider (a) the importance of the environmental attribute in question to project decision makers, (2) the distribution of change in time and space, (c) the magnitude of change, and (d) the reliability with which change has been predicted or measured. The implications of considering these factors are discussed.