SW—846EPA6500：利用毛细管电泳方法分析阴离子

Waters公司开发的毛细管电泳分析阴离子的方法日前已获得美国国家环保局(EPA)固体废弃物办公室(EPA’s Office of Solid Waste——OSW)的正式批准,并将被收入计划于今年出版的SW-846第三版之Ⅳ增补版上(Update Ⅳ to the Third Editionof SW-846).在此之前,该方法已被获准列入标准方法(Standard Methods:4140)及ASTM(D19-05)方法.     

高效稳定纤维素分解菌复合系WSC-6的稳定性

对筛选到的一组纤维素分解菌复合系WSC-6,通过变性梯度胶电泳(DGGE)方法研究了菌种的组成稳定性.结果表明,在连续继代培养的第74～83代复合系的菌种组成没有变化,非常稳定.多代继代培养过程中各代的pH值变化趋势一致,pH值从发酵开始的8.7下降到纤维素旺盛分解时的6.5以下;随着分解结束,pH值逐渐恢复到发酵开始时的水平并保持稳定,具有较强的自我调节能力.多代继代培养后复合系各代的滤纸纤维素分解率和CMC糖化差异很小;在发酵液起始pH4～10的范围内,复合系对pH值具有缓冲能力,并正常分解纤维素;经过70～100℃高温处理10min后再转接的复合系对纤维素仍然具有分解能力,功能稳定.     

毛细管区带电泳-二极管阵列检测法测定水样中对硝基酚

为探索一种快速检测环境水样中对硝基酚的方法,以毛细管区带电泳-二极管阵列检测器为基础,研究了缓冲体系、缓冲体系p H值及浓度、分离电压、检测波长、进样时间及压力等影响因素。结果表明:环境水样经0.22m有机滤膜过滤、超声除气处理,在温度25℃,p H=9.4的20 mmol/L硼砂缓冲溶液、检测波长200 nm、运行电压20 k V、0.5 psi进样10 s的条件下,对硝基酚在8.5~8.7 min内出峰,该方法检出限为0.14 mg/L,精密度和重现性均较好。     

不同形态铬离子与牛血清白蛋白结合的反应机制

利用亲和毛细管电泳法研究了不同形态铬离子与牛血清白蛋白(BSA)结合的反应机制并进行了比较分析.模拟生理条件下,构建配体Cr(Ⅲ)、Cr(Ⅵ)与受体(BSA)相互作用模型,依据BSA有效淌度的变化,通过非线性模拟方程计算Cr(Ⅲ)-BSA和Cr(Ⅵ)-BSA结合反应的表观结合常数KCr(Ⅲ)-BSA、KCr(Ⅵ)-BSA,定量表征Cr(Ⅲ)、Cr(Ⅵ)与BSA结合反应的差异性.结果表明,Cr(Ⅲ)、Cr(Ⅵ)与BSA的结合反应与金属离子形态之间存在明显的价态相关性,而同一形态金属离子随着Cr(Ⅲ)、Cr(Ⅵ)浓度的变化与BSA均存在量效关系,同时通过解析电泳谱图获得了Cr(Ⅲ)、Cr(Ⅵ)与BSA结合反应均为快平衡体系的结论.     

毛细管电泳间接紫外检测自来水中金属离子

介绍了毛细管电泳间接紫外检测技术,并对大连市自来水中Ca2 、 Na 和Mg2 质量浓度进行了测定,结果分别为(59.4±5.6) mg/L、 (21.0±0.1) mg/L和(18.6±0.7) mg/L,最低检测限依次为0.01 mg/L、0.04 mg/L和0.02 mg/L.实验条件为:石英毛细管柱50 μm(i.d.)×50 cm;运行电压16 kV( →-);紫外检测波长214 nm;缓冲液为pH=4.75的乙酸溶液,含有浓度为8.0 mmol/L的背景吸收物质咪唑;采用虹吸进样法,高度差为9.8 cm, 进样时间为10 s;应用内标法对Ca2 、Na 和Mg2 3种离子进行定性和定量测定.采用火焰原子吸收光谱法(AAS)测得Ca2 的质量浓度为54 mg/L,验证了毛细管电泳法实验结果的可靠性.     

Plankton community composition in the Three Gorges Reservoir Region revealed by PCR-DGGE and its relationships with environmental factors

To explore the relationships between community composition and the environment in a reservoir ecosystem, plankton communities from the Three Gorges Reservoir Region were studied by PCR-denaturing gradient gel electrophoresis fingerprinting. Bacterial and eukaryotic operational taxonomic units （OTUs）, generated by DGGE analysis of the PCR-amplified 16S and 18S rRNA genes, were used as surrogates for the dominant ＂biodiversity units＂. OTU composition among the sites was heterogeneous; 46.7% of the total bacterial OTUs （45） and 64.1% of the eukaryotic OTUs （39） were identified in less than half of the sampling sites. Unweighted pair group method with arithmetic averages （UPGMA） clustering of the OTUs suggested that the plankton communities in the Xiangxi Rive sites were not always significantly different from those from the Yangtze River sites, despite clear differences in their environmental characterizations. Canonical correspondence analysis （CCA） was applied to further investigate the relationships between OTU composition and the environmental factors. The first two CCA ordination axes suggested that the bacterial community composition was primarily correlated with the variables of NO3^--N, dissolved oxygen （DO）, and SiO3^2--Si, whereas, the eukaryotic community was mainly correlated with the concentrations of DO, PO4^3--P, and SiO3^2--Si.     

Effect of methamidophos on soil fungi community in microcosms by plate count, DGGE and clone library analysis

Methamidophos was widely used a pesticide in northern China. The potential influences of methamidophos on soil fungal community in black soil were assessed by plate count, 28S rDNA-PCR-DGGE, and clone library analysis. Three methamidophos levels (50, 150, and 250 mg/kg) were tested in soil microcosms. Results from plate count during a 60-d microcosm experiment showed that high concentrations of methamidophos (250 mg/kg) could significantly stimulate fungal populations. DCGE (denaturing gradient gel electrophoresis) fingerprinting patterns showed a significant difference between the responses of culturable and total fungi communities under the stress of methamidophos. Shannon diversity indices calculated from DGGE profiles indicated that culturable fungi in all microcosms with methamidophos treatment increased after 1 week of incubation. However, the diversity indices of total fungi decreased in the first week, as compared to the stimulation of culturable fungi. At the 8th week, however, all the microcosms treated by methamidophos were similar to the control microcosms in community structure as suggested by the Shannon diversity indices for both culturable and total fungi. In contrast, after 1 week the fungal structure of culturable and unculturable both were disturbed to different extent under the stresses of methamidophos by clustering analysis. Clone sequencing analysis indicated the stimulation of pathogenic and unculturable fungal populations by methamidophos treatment, suggetsing potential risks of plant disease outbreak.     

Comparing results of cultured and uncultured biological methods used in biological phosphorus removal

Increasing attention has been paid to phosphate-accumulating organisms(PAOs)for their important role in biological phosphorus removal.In this study,microbial communities of PAOs cultivated under different carbon sources(sewage,glucose,and sodium acetate) were investigated and compared through culture-dependent and culture-independent methods,respectively.The results obtained using denaturing gradient gel electrophoresis(DGGE)of polymerase chain reaction-amplified 16S rDNA fragments revealed that the diversity of bacteria in a sewage-fed reactor(1#)was much higher than in a glucose-fed one(2#)and a sodium acetate-fed one(3#);there were common PAOs in three reactors fed by different carbon sources.Five strains were separated from three systems by using a phosphate- rich medium;they were from common bacteria isolated and three isolates could not be found in DGGE profile at all.Two isolates had good phosphorus removal ability.When the microbial diversity was studied,the molecular biological method was better than the culture-dependent one.When phosphorus removal characteristics were investigated,culture-dependent approach was more effective. Thus a combination of two methods is necessary to have a comprehensive view of PAOs.     

联苯胺对鲫鱼肝线粒体DNA(mtDNA)作用的研究

采用平板电泳的方法,研究等浓度连续喂养的鲫鱼肝线粒体DNA的表达条带差异特征.结果表明:该实验中的鲫鱼mtDNA拥有两个EcoR Ⅰ的酶切位点;随着联苯胺作用时间的延长,mtDNA双链断裂呈三个依次递进的状态;线粒体DNA的断裂总是从低分子量链向高分子量链的断裂转移.