胞外酶对堆肥中微生物群落演替的影响

研究了添加黄孢原毛平革菌胞外酶对农业废物堆肥中木质纤维素降解及微生物群落演替的影响.结果表明,堆肥初期,胞外酶对微生物生长具有抑制作用,且随堆肥时间的延长逐渐减弱;堆肥后期,胞外酶可提高微生物群落的多样性和均匀性,并促进木质素和半纤维素的大量降解.醌指纹数据显示,胞外酶并未引起新的优势醌的出现,进入高温期后,以MK-7为主要醌类的微生物作为优势菌群,且这种优势一直存在;堆肥后期胞外酶对甲基萘醌影响较大,可促进长链甲基萘醌的出现.主成分分析表明,胞外酶对醌种类演替的影响主要作用在3d和40d,这与非相似性指数结果一致,并使真菌在整个体系中影响力加大.     

Influence of temperature on the characteristics of aerobic granulation in sequencing batch airlift reactors

Aerobic granular sludge was cultivated in sequencing batch airlift reactors(SBAR) at 25,30,and 35°C,respectively.The effect of temperature on the granules characteristics was analyzed and the microbial community structures of the granules were probed using scanning electron microscope(SEM) and polymerase chain reaction-denaturing gradient gel electrophoresis(PCR-DGGE).The results showed that 30°C is optimum for matured granule cultivation,where the granules had a more compact structure,better settling abili...     

Phosphorus utilization and microbial community in response to lead/iron addition to a waterlogged soil

Constructed wetlands have emerged as a viable option for helping to solve a wide range of water quality problems. However, heavy metals adsorbed by substrates would decrease the growth of plants, impair the functions of wetlands and eventually result in a failure of contaminant removal. Typha latifolia L., tolerant to heavy metals, has been widely used for phytoremediation of Pb/Zn mine tailings under waterlogged conditions. This study examined e ects of iron as ferrous sulfate (100 and 500 mg/kg) and lead as lead nitrate (0, 100, 500 and 1000 mg/kg) on phosphorus utilization and microbial community structure in a constructed wetland. Wetland plants (T. latifolia) were grown for 8 weeks in rhizobags filled with a paddy soil under waterlogged conditions. The results showed that both the amount of iron plaque on the roots and phosphorus adsorbed on the plaque decreased with the amount of lead addition. When the ratio of added iron to lead was 1:1, phosphorus utilized by plants was the maximum. Total amount of phospholipids fatty acids (PLFAs) was 23%–59% higher in the rhizosphere soil than in bulk soil. The relative abundance of Gram-negative bacteria, aerobic bacteria, and methane oxidizing bacteria was also higher in the rhizosphere soil than in bulk soil, but opposite was observed for other bacteria and fungi. Based on cluster analysis, microbial communities were mostly controlled by the addition of ferrous sulfate and lead nitrate in rhizosphere and bulk soil, respectively.     

Biofilm structure and its influence on clogging in drip irrigation emitters distributing reclaimed wastewater

Using reclaimed wastewater for crop irrigation is a practical alternative to discharge wastewater treatment plant effluents into surface waters.However,biofouling has been identified as a major contributor to emitter clogging in drip irrigation systems distributing reclaimed wastewater.Little is known about the biofilm structure and its influence on clogging in the drip emitter flow path.This study was first to investigate the microbial characteristics of mature biofilms present in the emitters and the effect of flow path structures on the biofilm microbial communities.The analysis of biofilm matrix structure using a scanning electron microscopy (SEM) revealed that particles in the matrix of the biofilm coupled extracellular polysaccharides (EPS) and formed sediment in the emitter flow path.Analysis of biofilm mass including protein,polysaccharide and phospholipid fatty acids (PLFAs) showed that emitter flow path style influenced biofilm community structure and diversity.The correlations of biofilm biomass and discharge reduction after 360 h irrigation were computed and suggest that PFLAs provide the best correlation coefficient.Comparatively,the emitter with the unsymmetrical dentate structure and shorter flow path (Emitter C) had the best anti-clogging capability.By optimizing the dentate structure,the internal flow pattern within the flow path could be enhanced as an important method to control the biofilm within emitter flow path.This study established electron microscope techniques and biochemical microbial analysis methods that may provide a framework for future emitter biofilm studies.     

糖蜜废液培养微生物絮凝剂及絮凝特性研究

糖蜜废液含有大量的糖类和氨基酸等营养物质,当糖蜜废液被稀释50倍,初始pH调至5.0,接入絮凝剂产生菌HHE-P7,在150r/min、30℃摇床培养,3d后可得到絮凝性物质。絮凝物质中95%的活性成分存在于糖蜜培养液的上清液中;高岭土悬浊液的pH、絮凝剂投加量以及Ca2+的添加量都对絮凝效果有影响。     

南极冰川下发现古老种群

科学家在南极洲冰川数百米下与世隔绝的黑暗世界里发现了一个存活了近200万年的古微生物群落。这些微生物生活在黑暗的、无氧的冰冷环境中,从硫磺和铁中汲取能量。这一发现为冰封的地球中存在生命的理论提供了有力的证据。火星和木卫二（木星的卫星之一）都有一层冰盖,科学家一直相信木卫二冰盖底下可能有水和生命。一些地质学家认为,8亿年前的地球虽是一颗完全冰封的星球,但仍有生命存活。     

短程硝化工艺出水水质及微生物区系分析

实验采用短程硝化工艺处理高氨氮废水,并用PCR-DGGE分析了系统中的微生物区系。结果表明,进水氨氮浓度在50～400mg/L之间梯度增加时,出水氨氮浓度在10mg/L以下;随着氨氮浓度的增加,亚硝态氮积累率逐渐升高,当氨氮浓度达到300mg/L时,积累率达到90%左右。DGGE分析结果表明,随着运行时间的延长,微生物区系多样性减少;氨氮负荷为50mg/L与400mg/L相比,相似性为0.24。     

微生物燃料电池中产电微生物电子传递研究进展

微生物燃料电池集产电和污水净化为一体,作为一种新型的能源回收技术得到人们的广泛关注。从微生物燃料电池工作原理来看,电子能否顺利地传递到阳极表面对于电流的产生起着关键作用。因此,本文重点阐述了电子在产电微生物体内产生的途径、电子从微生物体内向阳极传递的不同方式以及阳极材料对产电微生物附着和电子传递的影响。从生物化学、电化学和材料学上对产电微生物体内的电子到阳极整个过程进行全面的综述。明确电子传递的关键环节,为新型高效阳极材料的开发提供思路。     

生物絮凝在校园生活污水处理中的应用研究

将高效生物絮凝剂产生茵V3,V11,V13应用于校园生活污水处理中,可有效提高水处理絮凝效果。试验结果表明：当SBR反应器曝气时间3h,投菌量50g/L,温度28—30℃,V3对OD550,NH3-N,COD,浊度去除率分别达91．5％．82％,91．3％,93．5％,V11对OD550,COD,浊度去除率分别达89．1％,91．5％,95．1％,对NH3-N去除率较低;V13对OD550,COD,浊度去除率分别达90．7％,93.3％,92．1％,对NH3-N几乎没有去除;3株菌混合培养,3株菌形成一种互生关系．应用于水处理中当SBR曝气时间3h,投菌量50g／L,温度28～30℃,对OD550,NH3-N,COD,浊度去除率分别达93.3％,86．7％。93．5％,96％,同时能有效的改变污泥沉降性能．     

人工湿地中影响微生物空间分布因素的探讨

自20世纪70年代以来,人工湿地在污水处理中得到了广泛应用。人工湿地去除污染物主要是微生物的作用,就影响人工湿地中微生物空间分布的因素进行讨论。归结起来,主要包括植物、污水的营养水平、基质、温度等因素。