浅议城市垃圾分类收集及综合处理

城市垃圾已成为当前众多城市面临的严峻问题。大力推行城市垃圾分类收集和综合处理,以实现垃圾减量化、资源化和无害化,是解决垃圾问题的必由之路。     

分散农村污水处理模式分析

随着经济建设的快速发展,农村生活污水治理问题已经成为我国环境保护突出的问题。我国地域辽阔,农村差异较大,对农村污水处理不能千篇一律。在分析农村污水水质、排放特点的基础上,结合我国农村实际情况,提出了适合我国农村污水处理的几种技术方法。     

浅谈焦化废水的处理

焦化废水是一种典型的含难降解有机污染物的工业废水,除含酚类化合物外,还含有多种芳香烃和杂环类有机物,成分复杂,水量大,对环境污染严重。因此,焦化废水的处理越来越多的受到相关学者及专家的重视。本文首先从焦化废水的来源及特征出发,根据其特殊性,综合阐述了近年来国内外焦化废水的常规处理方法及深度处理方法,为以后焦化废水的处理提供一些思路。     

上海市危险废物处理处置及管理对策探讨

简要介绍了国外危险废物管理制度及法律法规体系;表述了我国危险废物的管理法规．制度及控制标准;阐述了上海市危险废物处理处置及管理现状;分析了存在的主要问题;从6个方面提出了上海市危险废物的管理对策。     

城镇污水厂污泥处理处置技术政策探讨

通过对《城镇污水处理厂污泥处理处置及污染防治技术政策(试行)》提出的各种污泥处理处置方式进行技术和经济可行性分析,评述其可操作性。认为含水率80%的污泥集中处理处置设施不宜采用厌氧消化、堆肥、填埋和热干化技术,实行污泥在污水厂内脱水至含水率60%以下是污泥处理处置节能减排最有效的措施。     

城市建筑垃圾与环境保护

介绍了我国现阶段城市建筑垃圾处理现状和需要注意的问题,并提出了对策建议。     

垃圾渗漏液物化处理方法探讨

本文探讨采用物化处理方法对垃圾渗虑液进行处理.试验结果表明:垃圾渗虑液,经过1小时化学悬浮床处理后,CODcr的浓度从7452mg/L降低到67mg/L,去除率达到99%;TN的浓度从1055mg/L降低到637mg/L,去除率达到40%;Tp的浓度从13.2mg/L降低到未检出,去除率达到100%;色度从2048度降低到1度;除TN以外,CODcr、TP、色度均可达到国家规定的排放标准.     

超声处理对剩余污泥的粒径和溶出物的影响

为了有效地发挥微型动物摄食对剩余污泥的减量作用,研究了超声声能密度和超声时间对剩余污泥的粒径和溶出物(蛋白质、多糖、DNA、COD及BOD)溶出的影响.在脉冲比2:1和超声时间10min的条件下,声能密度为0.2W·mL-1时出现一个污泥粒径变化的转折点,当小于转折点时污泥粒径随声能密度增加明显下降,而当大于转折点时污泥粒径几乎不受声能密度影响.在脉冲比2:1和声能密度0.8W·mL-1的条件下,超声时间5min是个转折点.上清液中溶出物的浓度随超声波声能密度或超声时间的增加而增加,各溶出物指标之间存在显著的相关关系.溶出物指标中蛋白质指标可以较好地反映出污泥破解状态.为了得到既能使污泥粒径变小到微型动物可摄食的程度又能使污泥中溶出物的溶出量最少的效果,建议声能密度或超声时间取上述转折点为限值.个数平均粒径(Dn)和重量平均粒径(Dw)分别反映了污泥的几何粒径变化和溶出物的溶出状况,因此,在超声破解污泥-微型动物摄食污泥的污泥减量工艺中可通过Dn和Dw的并用来决定剩余污泥超声处理的工艺参数.     

Enzyme extraction by ultrasound from sludge flocs

Enzymes play essential roles in the biological processes of sludge treatment. In this article, the ultrasound method to extract enzymes from sludge flocs was presented. Results showed that using ultrasound method at 20 kHz could extract more types of enzymes than that ultrasound at 40 kHz and ethylenediamine tetraacetic acid (EDTA) methods. The optimum parameters of ultrasound extraction at 20 kHz were duration of 10 min and power of 480 W. Under the condition, ultrasound could break the cells and extract both the extracellular and intercellular enzymes. Ultrasound power was apparently more susceptive to enzyme extraction than duration, suggesting that the control of power during ultrasound extraction was more important than that of duration. The Pearson correlation analysis between enzyme activities and cation contents revealed that the different types of enzymes had distinct cation binding characteristics.     

Isolation and characteristics of a novel biphenyl-degrading bacterial strain, Dyella ginsengisoli LA-4

A novel biphenyl-degrading bacterial strain LA-4 was isolated from activated sludge. It was identified as Dyella ginsengisoli according to phylogenetic similarity of 16S rRNA gene sequence. This isolate could utilize biphenyl as sole source of carbon and energy, which degraded over 95 mg/L biphenyl within 36 h. The major metabolites formed from biphenyl, such as 2-hydroxy-6-oxo-6-phenylhexa-2,4-dienoic acid (HOPDA) and benzoic acid, were identified by LC-MS. The crude cell extract of strain LA-4 exhibited the activity of 2,3-dihydroxybiphenyl 1,2-dioxygenase (2,3-DHBD) and the kinetic parameters were Km= 26.48 μmol/L and Vmax= 8.12 μmol/mg protein. A conserved region of the biphenyl dioxygenase gene bphA1 of strain LA-4 was amplified by PCR and confirmed by DNA sequencing.