华东地区矿产资源潜力评价专刊约稿函

<正>华东地区矿产资源潜力评价工作走过了风风雨雨8个年头,工作专题涉及成矿规律、矿产预测、地球物理、地球化学、遥感、自然重砂、综合信息与集成等7个子专题组。通过各省及大区工作人员的努力,目前华东地区矿产资源潜力评价工作已分层次、分阶段完成了铁、铜、锌、铅、金、磷、钨、锑、稀土、锰、     

古夫河上覆水和表层沉积物中总氮和总磷空间分布特征及其相关性

对古夫河干流17个采样点的上覆水和表层沉积物中总氮和总磷含量进行调查,利用多元统计方法对数据进行分析,研究了上覆水和表层沉积物中总氮和总磷含量的空间分布特征及其相关性。结果表明:古夫河上覆水中总氮含量年均值总体上从GF01~GF12样点递减,在GF13~GF18样点增加,部分样点略有波动;上覆水中总磷含量在GF01~GF09样点变化不显著,在GF10~GF18样点分布差异较大;表层沉积物中总氮含量从GF01~GF05样点呈现先增加后减少的趋势,下游无明显的变化规律;表层沉积物中总磷含量无明显的变化规律;总体上古夫河上游古夫—神农架河段上覆水中总氮含量与表层沉积物中总氮含量无相关性,而在下游古夫—库湾河段(GF14~GF18),上覆水中总氮含量与表层沉积物中总氮含量成显著正相关;古夫河上覆水中总磷含量与表层沉积物中总磷含量无相关性。     

重金属污染物在土壤中迁移规律及修复技术研究

世界各国都认识到重金属污染的严重性.多数国家开展了污染场地的修复工作,研究和开发出多种土壤重金属污染修复技术,重金属污染土壤修复技术有物理化学修复技术、植物修复、微生物修复技术和电动修复技术.但这些土壤修复技术的成本高,只重视土壤修复,土壤修复技术更重要的部分是地下水系统的修复,不能忽视地下水系统与土壤修复的完整性,否则会造成二次环境污染.本文在分析土壤中重金属污染物迁移规律的同时提出完整的土壤修复新技术CH-PRB工艺.     

佛山高明河水环境多环芳烃的分布特征与通量研究

利用液液萃取法和气相色谱-质谱方法对佛山境内高明河水环境多环芳烃（PAHs）进行了测定,并对PAHs的分布特征与通量进行了初步研究.结果表明高明河水环境中16种优控PAHs的浓度范围在41.6～375.6 ng/l之间,从上游到下游总体呈递增的趋势,其下游浓度偏高可能与荷城街道较为密集的工业和人口分布有关.高明河水环境PAHs的总含量高于欧美一些低污染水域,但低于国内一些主要河流.高明河PAHs年通量约为333.8 kg.     

湘江流域水质环境演变特征研究

根据1996年-2010年湘江的水质监测数据,基于湘江流域生态环境质量背景和现状,选用危害较大的10项污染指标,采用单因子污染指数法和综合因子污染指数法对近15年来湘江水质变化进行了分析,研究湘江水质环境演变特征。并选取了2002年-2010年经济和废水排放数据,分析了经济与废水排放之间的相互关系。研究结果表明:湘江流域最为严重的污染物氨氮并没有快速下降的变动趋势,重金属镉在湘江干流和湘江支流中都呈上升趋势,湘江流域的水质环境状况并没有得到很好的改善,污染状况尽管有所缓解,但部分污染物依然比较严重,如总磷和镉等;通过环境库兹涅茨曲线模型模拟,表明水环境与经济发展的关系位于环境库兹涅茨曲线上升段。     

贵阳市大气颗粒物(PM2.5)污染特征及气象参数的影响

运用连续颗粒物采样仪(URG Model 2000-01J)对贵阳市城区大气颗粒物PM2.5进行了连续3个月(9~11月)的采集与分析,探讨了PM2.5的浓度分布特征、气象条件的影响。结果显示,贵阳市大气颗粒物PM2.5的平均质量浓度为53±27μg/m3,变化范围为3.7~186μg/m3;初步推断大气颗粒物PM2.5的污染来源主要是燃料燃烧、生物质燃烧、汽车尾气等人为源;相对湿度、风速、风向、温度等气象条件是影响大气颗粒物浓度及分布的重要因素。     

基于MODIS数据的若尔盖草场植被覆盖时空变化分析

一般意义上将反映植被生长状态及植被覆盖度的指示因子称为归一化植被指数(即NDVI),它也是判断基于生物气候特征开展大区域植被和土地覆盖分类的基本手段。利用NDVI的时序数据的进行土地覆盖分类,即提取NDVI时间信号所包含的植被生物学参数,构建起一个包含植被生物学信息的分类特征空间。     

Quantitative method to determine the regional drinking water odorant regulation goals based on odor sensitivity distribution：Illustrated using 2-MIB

Taste and odor （T/O） in drinking water often cause consumer complaints and are thus regulated in many countries. However, people in different regions may exhibit different sensitivities toward WO. This study proposed a method to determine the regional drinking water odorant regulation goals （ORGs） based on the odor sensitivity distribution of the local population. The distribution of odor sensitivity to 2-methylisobomeol （2-MIB） by the local population in Beijing, China was revealed by using a normal distribution function/model to describe the odor complaint response to a 2-MIB episode in 2005, and a 2-MIB concentration of 12.9 ng/L and FPA （flavor profile analysis） intensity of 2.5 was found to be the critical point to cause odor complaints. Thus the Beijing ORG for 2-MIB was determined to be 12.9 ng/L. Based on the assumption that the local FPA panel can represent the local population in terms of sensitivity to odor, and that the critical FPA intensity causing odor complaints was 2.5, this study tried to determine the ORGs for seven other cities of China by performing FPA tests using an FPA panel from the corresponding city. ORG values between 12.9 and 31.6 ng/L were determined, showing that a unified ORG may not be suitable for drinking water odor regulations. This study presents a novel approach for setting drinking water odor regulations.     

Fouling distribution in forward osmosis membrane process

Fouling behavior along the length of membrane module was systematically investigated by performing simple modeling and lab-scale experiments of forward osmosis （FO） membrane process. The flux distribution model developed in this study showed a good agreement with experimental results, validating the robustness of the model. This model demonstrated, as expected, that the permeate flux decreased along the membrane channel due to decreasing osmotic pressure differential across the FO membrane. A series of fouling experiments were conducted under the draw and feed solutions at various recoveries simulated by the model. The simulated fouling experiments revealed that higher organic （alginate） fouling and thus more flux decline were observed at the last section of a membrane channel, as foulants in feed solution became more concentrated. Furthermore, the water flux in FO process declined more severely as the recovery increased due to more foulants transported to membrane surface with elevated solute concentrations at higher recovery, which created favorable solution environments for organic adsorption. The fouling reversibility also decreased at the last section of the membrane channel, suggesting that fouling distribution on FO membrane along the module should be carefully examined to improve overall cleaning efficiency. Lastly, it was found that such fouling distribution observed with co-current flow operation became less pronounced in counter- current flow operation of FO membrane process.     

Community structure and elevational diversity patterns of soil Acidobacteria

Acidobacteria is one of the most dominant and abundant phyla in soil,and was believed to have a wide range of metabolic and genetic functions. Relatively little is known about its community structure and elevational diversity patterns. We selected four elevation gradients from 1000 to 2800 m with typical vegetation types of the northern slope of Shennongjia Mountain in central China. The vegetation types were evergreen broadleaved forest,deciduous broadleaved forest,coniferous forest and sub-alpine shrubs. We analyzed the soil acidobacterial community composition,elevational patterns and the relationship between Acidobacteria subdivisions and soil enzyme activities by using the 16 S rRNA meta-sequencing technique and multivariate statistical analysis. The result found that 19 known subdivisions as well as an unclassified phylotype were presented in these forest sites,and Subdivision 6 has the highest number of detectable operational taxonomic units(OTUs). A significant single peak distribution pattern(P 0.05) between the OTU number and the elevation was observed. The Jaccard and Bray–Curtis index analysis showed that the soil Acidobacteria compositional similarity significantly decreased(P 0.01) with the increase in elevation distance. Mantel test analysis showed the most of the soil Acidobacteria subdivisions had the significant relationship(P 0.01) with different soil enzymes. Therefore,soil Acidobacteria may be involved in different ecosystem functions in global elemental cycles. Partial Mantel tests and CCA analysis showed that soil pH,soil temperature and plant diversity may be the key factors in shaping the soil Acidobacterial community structure.