汽车尾气的危害

近年来,随着私家车的数量急剧增多,汽车尾气的问题也越来越严重。为了减少汽车尾气的排放量,最近国家出台了一系列措施像摇号买车等。这到底是为什么呢？是因为汽车的尾气吗？这一系列的问题等着我们去解答……     

监测数据法在工业污染核算中的若干问题探讨

简述了监测数据法应用于污染核算的工作流程.指出了监测数据法使用中监测数据本身、环境统计中以及动态更新中监测数据使用存在的主要问题,提出了应加强监测管理、钻研监测技术,提升监测数据质量,为污染核算奠定基础;修订、完善监测数据法的相关技术规定并督促严格执行;正确处理监测数据,从技术层面改进污染核算质量;加强监测数据法核算的...     

减少“碳足迹” 保护“地球村”

在数千年的文明发展史中,人类深谙如何最大化地利用地球资源,但却常常忽略科学、合理地利用资源。地球资源过度消耗和二氧化碳过量排放导致资源日趋枯竭,环境日益恶化。     

基于先进技术的印染行业企业许可排放量核定方法研究:以太湖流域为例

针对太湖流域水环境质量改善的特殊要求,聚焦太湖流域印染行业,构建了涵盖生产工艺与设备、资源能源利用、污染物产生、经济效益、工艺设备、处理效果以及管理水平等指标的企业先进性评价指标体系,并将印染产品由GB 4287-2012《纺织染整工业水污染物排放标准》中的5大类细化为14类。结果表明:采用企业监测数据、行业标准、环统数据以及排污许可申报数据4种方式计算取严得到的单位产品污染物排放负荷限值,远低于GB 4287-2012的排放限值,并在此基础上形成了完整的技术方案,可为基于先进技术的排污许可限值的确定提供依据,并为排污许可证制度的实施提供技术参考。     

生活源排污生态环境损害赔偿案件中污水排放量测算研究

针对生活源排污案件生态环境损害鉴定过程中污水排放量测算的关键技术环节,通过采样监测、管网复核进行现场调查,基于流量监测、人口基数、用水总量和分类进行污水排放量核算,结合市政排水管网图确定小区雨水排放去向,依据受纳水体水质情况采用虚拟治理成本法计算损害数额。最终确认小区确实存在通过雨水管网的排污行为,测算得到小区较为合理的污水排放量为118 018 m³,计算得到生态环境损害数额为64.67万元。通过对本案污水排放量测算的关键技术环节的分析与方法研究,为生活源排污案件提供了鉴定思路与参考。     

Scenario analysis of energy-based low-carbon development in China

China＇s increasing energy consumption and coal-dominant energy structure have contributed not only to severe environmental pollution,but also to global climate change. This article begins with a brief review of China＇s primary energy use and associated environmental problems and health risks. To analyze the potential of China＇s transition to low-carbon development,three scenarios are constructed to simulate energy demand and CO2 emission trends in China up to 2050 by using the Long-range Energy Alternatives Planning System（LEAP） model. Simulation results show that with the assumption of an average annual Gross Domestic Product（GDP） growth rate of 6.45%,total primary energy demand is expected to increase by 63.4%,48.8% and 12.2% under the Business as Usual（BaU）,Carbon Reduction（CR）and Integrated Low Carbon Economy（ILCE） scenarios in 2050 from the 2009 levels. Total energy-related CO2 emissions will increase from 6.7 billion tons in 2009 to 9.5,11,11.6 and11.2 billion tons; 8.2,9.2,9.6 and 9 billion tons; 7.1,7.4,7.2 and 6.4 billion tons in 2020,2030,2040 and 2050 under the BaU,CR and ILCE scenarios,respectively. Total CO2 emission will drop by 19.6% and 42.9% under the CR and ILCE scenarios in 2050,compared with the BaU scenario.To realize a substantial cut in energy consumption and carbon emissions,China needs to make a long-term low-carbon development strategy targeting further improvement of energy efficiency,optimization of energy structure,deployment of clean coal technology and use of market-based economic instruments like energy/carbon taxation.     

Factors influencing polychlorinated dibenzo-p-dioxin and polychlorinated dibenzofuran (PCDD/F) emissions and control in major industrial sectors：Case evidence from Shandong Province, China

Analyzing determinants that influence polychlorinated dibenzo-p-dioxin and polychlorinated dibenzofuran（PCDD/F） emissions is helpful for decision-makers to find effective and efficient ways to mitigate PCDD/F emissions. The PCDD/F emissions and the contributions of the scale effect, structure effect and technology effect to emissions from eight main industrial sectors in2006, 2008 and 2010 in Shandong Province, were calculated in this article. Total PCDD/F emissions in Shandong increased by 52.8% in 2008（614.1 g I-TEQ） and 49.7% in 2010（601.8 g I-TEQ） based on 2006（401.9 g I-TEQ）. According to the decomposition method, the largest influencing factor on PCDD/F emission changes was the composition effect（contributed 43.4%in 2008 and 120.6% in 2010 based on 2006）, which was also an emission-increasing factor.In this case, the present industrial restructuring policy should be adjusted to control the proportion of production capacities with high emission factors, such as iron ore sintering and steelmaking and the secondary non-ferrous metal sector. The scale effect increased the emissions in 2008（contributed 21.9%） and decreased the emissions in 2010（contributed-28.0%）. However, as a source control measure, the excess capacity control policy indeed had a significant role in emission reduction. The main reason for the technology effect（contributed 34.7% in 2008 and 7.4% in 2010 based on 2006） having an emission-increasing role was the weakness in implementing policies for restricting industries with outdated facilities. Some specific suggestions were proposed on PCDD/F reduction for local administrators at the end.     

Quantifying and managing regional greenhouse gas emissions：Waste sector of Daejeon, Korea

A credible accounting of national and regional inventories for the greenhouse gas （GHG） reduction has emerged as one of the most significant current discussions. This article assessed the regional GHG emissions by three categories of the waste sector in Daejeon Metropolitan City （DMC）, Korea, examined the potential for DMC to reduce GHG emission, and discussed the methodology modified from Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change and Korea national guidelines. During the last five years, DMC＇s overall GHG emissions were 239 thousand tons C02 eq./year from eleven public environmental infrastructure facilities, with a population of 1.52 million. Of the three categories, solid waste treatment/disposal contributes 68%, whilst wastewater treatment and others contribute 22% and 10% respectively. Among GHG unit emissions per ton of waste treatment, the biggest contributor was waste incineration of 694 kg CO2 eq./ton, followed by waste disposal of 483 kg CO2 eq./ton, biological treatment of solid waste of 209 kg CO2 eq./ton, wastewater treatment of 0.241 kg CO2 eq./m3, and public water supplies of 0.067 kg CO2 eq./m3. Furthermore, it is suggested that the potential in reducing GHG emissions from landfill process can be as high as 47.5% by increasing landfill gas recovery up to 50%. Therefore, it is apparent that reduction strategies for the main contributors of GHG emissions should take precedence over minor contributors and lead to the best practice for managing GHGs abatement.     

中国废水排放量预测研究

文章在综合分析中国废水排放量影响因素的基础上,结合ARMA、多元线性回归方法构建了中国废水排放量预测模型,并对2013年-2015年中国废水排放量进行了预测,结果表明:2013年-2015年中国废水排放量将分别达到729.98亿吨、768.97亿吨、810.71亿吨;造纸印刷及文教用品制造业、化学工业等行业废水排放量及单位增加值废水排放量均较大,相关部门需对减排的各个过程进行规范和严格的监督。     

浅论工业废水的污染现状及防治措施

工业废水是我国水污染的重要污染源,本文讨论了中国工业废水排放污染现状,对重点工业废水排放行业废水特征进行了研究,并提出相应的防治措施,随着工业的迅速发展,工业废水的种类和数量不断增加,对生态环境的污染和破坏越来越严重,对人类的安全和健康造成巨大威胁。长期以来,我国工业主要具有劳动力密集型、要求标准低、资源较密集的特点。