青岛市环境空气质量改善进程国际对比研究

针对青岛市建设宜居幸福国际城市战略目标,研究选取了新加坡、旧金山、大阪、香港、上海、深圳等10个国内外港口城市,对比分析了青岛市环境空气质量状况,并与典型国际发达国家污染物减排和环境质量改善进程进行了对比。结果表明:青岛市PM_(10)、PM_(2.5)、SO_2年均浓度与国际城市差距较大,改善任务艰巨;NO_2年均浓度相对较低,已达到与国际接轨的程度,并优于大部分国际对比城市。从国际大气污染物减排及环境空气质量改善进程来看,预计青岛市将在2025年全面达到国家环境空气质量二级标准。青岛市需加快环境空气质量改善进程,为建成宜居幸福的现代化国际城市提供优良的环境空气质量保障。     

Air Pollution Concentrations of PM2.5, PM10 and NO2 at Ambient and Kerbsite and Their Correlation in Metro City – Mumbai

Ambient concentrations of PM_2.5 and PM₁₀ are of concern with respect to effects on human health and environment. Increased levels of mortality and morbidity have been associated with respirable particulate air pollution. In India, it is not yet mandatory to monitor PM_2.5 levels therefore very limited information is available on PM_2.5 levels. To understand the fine particle pollution and also correlate with PM₁₀ which are monitored regularly in compliance with ambient air quality standards. This study was carried out to monitor PM_2.5, PM₁₀, and NO₂ for about one year in a residential cum commercial area of Mumbai city with a view to understand their correlation. The average PM_2.5 concentration at ambient and Kerbsite was 43 and 69 μg/m³. The correlation coefficients between PM_2.5 and PM₁₀ at ambient and Kerbsite were 0.83 and 0.85 respectively thus indicating that most of the PM_2.5 and PM₁₀ are from similar sources. TSP, PM₁₀ levels exceeded Central Pollution Control Board(CPCB) standard during winter season. PM_2.5 levels also exceeded 24 hourly average USEPA standard during winter season indicating unhealthy air quality.     

煤矿采掘废弃物对地下水的影响

对抚顺矿区西舍场地下水做了调查及水质分析，结果表明：舍场地下水水质极差，为高矿化度、高硬度、重盐碱的硫酸盐型水，已失去饮用和工农业生产使用价值，成为域内地下水运移有害成分的载体。     

气相色谱法测定环境空气中1,2-环氧丙烷

以活性炭吸附环境空气中 1,2 -环氧丙烷 ,用二硫化碳洗脱 ,OV - 10 1:30m× 0 32mm× 0 2 5 μm毛细管柱低温分流进样分离 ,氢火焰离子化检测器测定 ,保留时间定性 ,峰高定量 ,采样吸附率达 99%。方法有较宽的线性范围 ,较高的灵敏度和精密度。当采样体积为 30L时 ,1,2 -环氧丙烷的检测限为 0 0 0 5mg/m3     

浅谈青岛市大气SO2污染防治

青岛市大气污染类型属于煤烟型污染，SO2污染比较严重。近年来积极采取措施，从多方面深入开展SO2污染防治工作，取得显著成效，SO2年日均值持续下降，酸雨发生频率逐年降低。     

我国空气中挥发性有机物标准体系建设的对策和建议

介绍了挥发性有机物（VOCs）的界定与危害，以及美国、欧盟、日本 VOCs的排放标准、控制经验、效果、气体标准样品研究现状等。分析了我国 VOCs的污染、标准体系建设、标准样品等研究现状及存在的问题，提出我国应建立 VOCs筛选优控名单、制定并完善行业排放标准和监测方法体系，以及开展 VOCs气体标准样品研究等相关对策和建议。     

Emissions standards and ambient environmental quality standards with stochastic environmental services

Many important environmental policies involve some combination of emission controls and ambient environmental quality standards, for instance SO₂ emissions are capped under Title IV of the U.S. Clean Air Act Amendments while ambient SO₂ concentrations are limited under National Ambient Air Quality Standards (NAAQS). This paper examines the relative performance of emissions standards and ambient standards when the natural environment provides stochastic environmental services for assimilating pollution. For receiving media characterized by greater dispersion in the distribution of environmental services, the optimal emissions policy becomes more stringent, whereas the optimal ambient policy generally becomes more lax. In terms of economic performance, emissions policies are superior to ambient policies for relatively non-toxic pollutants, whereas ambient standards welfare dominate emissions standards for sufficiently toxic pollutants. In the case of combined policies that jointly implement emissions standards and ambient standards, we show that the optimal level of each standard relaxes relative to its counterpart in a unilateral policy, allowing for greater emissions levels and higher pollution concentrations in the environmental medium.     

罐采样-低温浓缩-气相色谱-质谱法同时测定环境空气中116种挥发性有机物

利用罐采样-低温浓缩-气相色谱-质谱联用仪结合冷柱箱技术,建立了一次进样同时分析环境空气中116种挥发性有机物的方法。利用苏玛罐采集环境空气样品,液氮低温冷凝浓缩进样,经配有冷柱箱的气相色谱-质谱法进行分析。通过优化冷凝参数和程序升温条件,最终用-35℃初始柱温成功保留住低碳组分,实现用一根色谱柱同时分离低碳和高碳组分。该方法仪器设备简单,无须安装中心切割器、辅助检测器等复杂配件,方法线性良好,精密度、准确度均满足质控要求,检出限为0.03×10~(-9)～0.10×10~(-9),能够满足环境空气中挥发性有机物的测定要求。     

化工企业废气BTEX排放及周边居民区空气暴露健康风险分析

采用气相色谱-质谱法,于2016年9月和12月对江苏省某化工企业与苯系物排放相关的废气排放口和周边居民区环境空气中苯、甲苯、邻二甲苯、间/对二甲苯、乙苯等5种典型苯系物（BTEX）的排放和区域污染特征进行分析,并开展BTEX来源分析及人体健康风险评估研究。结果表明,化工企业有机废气排放口苯质量浓度最高,超过《化学工业挥发性有机物排放标准》（DB32/3151—2016）限值,超标率达26.4%;环境空气中BTEX平均质量浓度为47.31μg/m³,BTEX检出率均超过80%,秋季和冬季BTEX质量浓度分别为72.5和22.2μg/m³,各组分质量浓度大小排序为：苯＞甲苯＞乙苯＞间/对-二甲苯＞邻-二甲苯,与废气排放口浓度大小顺序一致;与其他城市和地区进行比较,BTEX质量浓度处于中等水平。比值分析法研究BTEX来源结果表明,本地排放源是化工企业周边环境空气BTEX主要来源,一定程度上也受交通排放、化石燃料燃烧等污染源的影响。人体健康风险评估结果表明,BTEX单组分非致癌风险值（HQ）在安全范围之内,各监测点位 BTEX的HQ均＜１,非致癌风险可以忽略不计;苯的致癌风险值（R）为7.33×10^-6～7.49×10^-5,均超过10,有一定的致癌风险,且苯是I类致癌物质,应采取源头控制措施避免健康风险。     

黄河三角洲地区冰雹分析及其短时预报

介绍了冰雹的气候特征, 利用黄河三角洲地区１９８８～１９９７ 年的 ７１１ 雷达回波、降雹资料及有关的高空探测资料, 对冰雹云的雷达回波参数和环境场要素进行了统计分析。结果表明：降雹与雷达回波顶温度、回波强度、０～－ ２０℃之间云体的厚度、７００ ｈ Ｐａ 上的比湿及云体的冷暖厚度之比等参数有关。在此基础上, 建立了冰雹的短时预报方程, 并为人工防雹提供可作为依据的简明判据