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81.
Groundwater and water resources management plays a key role in conserving the sustainable conditions in arid and semi-arid
regions. Applying management tools which can reveal the critical and hot conditions seems necessary due to some limitations
such as labor and funding. In this study, spatial and temporal analysis of monthly groundwater level fluctuations of 39 piezometric
wells monitored during 12 years was carried out. Geostatistics which has been introduced as a management and decision tool
by many researchers has been applied to reveal the spatial and temporal structure of groundwater level fluctuation. Results
showed that a strong spatial and temporal structure existed for groundwater level fluctuations due to very low nugget effects.
Spatial analysis showed a strong structure of groundwater level drop across the study area and temporal analysis showed that
groundwater level fluctuations have temporal structure. On average, the range of variograms for spatial and temporal analysis
was about 9.7 km and 7.2 months, respectively. Ordinary and universal kriging methods with cross-validation were applied to
assess the accuracy of the chosen variograms in estimation of the groundwater level drop and groundwater level fluctuations
for spatial and temporal scales, respectively. Results of ordinary and universal krigings revealed that groundwater level
drop and groundwater level fluctuations were underestimated by 3% and 6% for spatial and temporal analysis, respectively,
which are very low and acceptable errors and support the unbiasedness hypothesis of kriging. Although, our results demonstrated
that spatial structure was a little bit stronger than temporal structure, however, estimation of groundwater level drop and
groundwater level fluctuations could be performed with low uncertainty in both space and time scales. Moreover, the results
showed that kriging is a beneficial and capable tool for detecting those critical regions where need more attentions for sustainable
use of groundwater. Regions in which were detected as critical areas need to be much more managed for using the current water
resources efficiently. Conducting water harvesting systems especially in critical and hot areas in order to recharge the groundwater,
and altering the current cropping pattern to another one that need less water requirement and applying modern irrigation techniques
are highly recommended; otherwise, it is most likely that in a few years no more crop would be cultivated. 相似文献
82.
83.
Hamid Reza Sobhi Ali Esrafili Hadi Farahani Mitra Gholami Mohammad Mehdi Baneshi 《Environmental monitoring and assessment》2013,185(11):9055-9065
A simple and sensitive method based on a modified hollow-fiber liquid-phase microextraction followed by gas chromatography–mass spectrometry has been successfully developed for the extraction and simultaneous derivatization of some nitrophenols (NPs) in soil and rain samples. Microwave-assisted solvent extraction was used for the extraction of NPs from the soil, while the rain sample was directly applied to the previously mentioned method. Briefly, in this method, the analytes were extracted from aqueous samples into a thin layer of organic solvent (dodecane?+?10 % tri-n-octylphosphine oxide) sustained in the pores of a porous hollow fiber. Then, they were back-extracted using a small volume of organic acceptor solution (25 μl; 10 mg/L N-methyl-N-(trimethylsilyl)trifluoroacetamide, as derivatization reagent, in acetonitrile) that was located inside the lumen of the hollow fiber. Under the optimized extraction conditions, enrichment factors of 255 to 280 and limits of detection of 0.1 to 0.2 μg/L (S/N?=?3) with dynamic linear ranges of 1–100 μg/L were obtained for the analytes. The accuracy of the approach was tested by the relative recovery experiments on spiked samples, with results ranging from 93 to 113 %. The method was shown to be rapid, cost-effective, and potentially interesting for screening purposes. 相似文献
84.
Ali Nikonahad Ali Khorshidi Hamid Reza Ghaffari Hamideh Ebrahimi Aval Mohammad Miri Ali Amarloei Heshmatollah Nourmoradi Amir Mohammadi 《Environmental science and pollution research international》2017,24(16):14117-14123
The aim of this study was to investigate the relationship between the environmental and metrological variables and cutaneous leishmaniasis (CL) transmission and its prediction in a region susceptible to this disease prevalence using a time series model. The accurate locations of 4437 CL diagnosed from 2011 to 2015 were obtained to be used in the time series model. Temperature, number of days with temperature over 30 °C, and number of earthquake were related to CL incidence using the Seasonal Auto-correlated Integrated Moving Average (SARIMA) model according to the Box-Jenkins method. In addition, the relationship between land use and surface soil type in 500- and 1000-m radius around the CL patients were investigated. The SARIMA models showed significant associations between environmental and meteorological variables and CL incidence adjusted for seasonality and auto-correlation. The result indicated that there are need more robust preventive programs in earthquake-prone areas with high temperature and inceptisol soil type than other areas. In addition, the region with these characteristics should be considered as high-risk areas for CL prevalence. 相似文献
85.
Meghdad Pirsaheb Mansour Rezaei Mohammad Karami Kiomars Sharafi Hamid R. Ghaffari 《Journal of environmental science and health. Part. B》2017,52(9):641-650
The purpose of this study was to investigate common pesticides in stored wheat at Kermanshah province's silos in Iran. A simple, inexpensive, reliable and environmentally friendly method based on dispersive liquid–liquid microextraction with solidification of floating organic drop was developed. The analytical characteristics of the method were determined. Also, various parameters such as the materials of the silos, types of ownerships of the silos, geographic orientation of silo locations and climatic conditions of silo locations on pesticide residues in studied wheat samples were investigated. Among all the studied parameters, the climatic conditions of silo locations showed the highest influence on pesticide residues in wheat samples. Generally, 61.2% of the samples had pesticide levels below the method detection limits and 38.8% of the total samples had at least one of the understudied pesticides. Also, 13.9% of the samples had deltamethrin residues, 16.7% of the samples had permethrin, 22.2% of the samples had malathion, 11.1% of the samples had both permethrin and malathion and 2.8% of the samples had both deltamethrin and malathion. The results revealed that the residues of deltamethrin and malathion were lower than the standard level announced by European Union regulation and only three samples contained permethrin higher than Europe standard level. 相似文献
86.
Mohammad Ali Taher Nezhat Jandaghi Hamid Fazelirad Hamid Ashkenani 《Environmental monitoring and assessment》2014,186(3):1987-1997
In the present work, a batch preconcentration technique using nanoclay with 5-(4-dimethylaminobenzylidene)rhodanine coupled with electrothermal atomic absorption spectrometry was developed for the separation and determination of trace amounts of palladium. In this method, the sample solution was stirred with nanoclay as an adsorbent. Then, adsorbed palladium was subsequently eluted with HCl in acetone (1.5 mol L?1) and, finally, this eluate was injected to electrothermal atomic absorption spectrometry. Under the optimum conditions, the limit of detection and linear dynamic range were found to be 2.6 and 10.0–133 ng L?1 (in original solution), respectively. Furthermore, the enrichment factor and relative standard deviation of seven replicate determinations were 148 and ±5.1 %, respectively. This suggested method is simple, selective and sensitive and can be applied to the extraction and determination of palladium in water, tea leaves, synthetic sample and certified reference material with satisfactory results. 相似文献
87.
Mohammadreza Ghandforoush-Sattari Mahboob Nemati Ali Seydi Hamid Azadi 《毒物与环境化学》2013,95(8):1505-1512
Taurine is one of the most abundant sulpho-amino acids in the body. Hypertaurinemia has already been reported following different stress states. A previous study demonstrated a significant increase of serum taurine concentration in heroin addicts. Therefore, we hypothesized that taurine could be a possible biomarker of recovery during detoxification from opiates. For this purpose, 30 heroin addicts who went under the 5-day heroin detoxification process were recruited for the study. Three blood samples (5 mL each) were taken from each patient in the first, third, and fifth days. They were collected in heparinized glass tubes and after centrifuging, the plasma was separated and kept in the ?20°C freezer until analysis using a previously developed HPLC method with fluorescence detection. The data were statistically analyzed using the Student t-test and ANOVA. Plasma taurine concentration in addicts was significantly more than that of the healthy controls (p < 0.0001). However, there were no changes in the plasma taurine concentration in the addicts during the 5-day study period (p > 0.05). Therefore, we can conclude that the plasma taurine concentration could not be considered as a biomarker of recovery in a 5-day detoxification period of heroin addiction. 相似文献
88.
Hamid Reza Seifi Azad Mard Ali Estiri Parinaz Hadadi Mahshid Seifi Azad Mard 《International journal of occupational safety and ergonomics》2013,19(4):570-577
Occupational accidents in the construction industry are more common compared with other fields and these accidents are more severe compared with the global average in developing countries, especially in Iran. Studies which lead to the source of these accidents and suggest solutions for them are therefore valuable. In this study a combination of the failure mode and effects analysis method and fuzzy theory is used as a semi-qualitative–quantitative method for analyzing risks and failure modes. The main causes of occupational accidents in this field were identified and analyzed based on three factors; severity, detection and occurrence. Based on whether the risks are high or low priority, modifying actions were suggested to reduce the occupational risks. Finally, the results showed that high priority risks had a 40% decrease due to these actions. 相似文献
89.
Bahman Abdolhamidzadeh Che Rosmani Che Hassan Mahar Diana Hamid Sajjad FarrokhMehr Naser Badri Davood Rashtchian 《Process Safety and Environmental Protection》2012,90(5):424-429
On July 24th, 2010, several explosions and fires devastated a hydrocarbon processing plant in Kharg Island, Iran. Four workers were killed and many others were severely injured. The plant became out of service for 80 days. The way the accident happened and its sequence was representing as a domino accident. In this paper, events leading up to the disaster have been analyzed in details. Graphic presentation techniques such as Fish Bone Analysis and Event Sequence Diagram (ESD) have been utilized to enhance the understanding of the accident mechanism. Finally major lessons learnt from this domino accident have been addressed. 相似文献
90.
Study on the conversion of waste plastics/petroleum resid mixtures to transportation fuels 总被引:4,自引:0,他引:4
Mohammad Farhat?AliEmail author Mohammad?Nahid Siddiqui S. Halim Hamid?Redhwi 《Journal of Material Cycles and Waste Management》2004,6(1):27-34
Catalytic coprocessing of model and waste plastics with light Arabian crude oil residue was investigated using NiMo/Al2O3, ZSM-5, FCC, and hydrocracking catalysts. Reaction systems that were studied included low density polyethylene (LDPE), high density polyethylene (HDPE), polystyrene (PS), and polypropylene (PP). A series of single (plastic/catalyst) and binary (plastic/resid/catalyst) reactions were carried out in a 25-cm3 micro autoclave reactor under different conditions of weight and type of catalyst, duration, pressure, and temperature. The optimum conditions selected for our work were: 1% catalyst by weight of total feedstock weight, 60min reaction time, 8.3Mpa of H2, and 430°C. The product distribution for the binary system using plastic and petroleum residue provided some encouraging results. High yields of liquid fuels in the boiling range of 100°–480°C and gases were obtained along with a small amount of heavy oils and insoluble material such as gums and coke. In general, this study helps to demonstrate the technical feasibility of upgrading both waste plastics and petroleum resid, as well as an alternative approach to feedstock recycling. 相似文献