重庆市春季大气NO2浓度空间分布特征研究

为了解重庆市大气中NO2浓度空间分布特征，研究了一种被动式采样器在该地区野外采集大气NO2的可行性，并在2004年3～5月期间利用这种采样器对重庆城区2600Km^2范围大气中的NO2进行了连续观测。结果表明：NO2浓度值随城区类型、观测点位置不同有一定的差异，其分布与交通强度密切相关；前后两次观测有相同(除南岸区外)的区间浓度梯度。     

对一氧化碳气体快速检测的方法研究

笔者研究了快速监测一氧化碳气体的新方法即一氧化碳被动式检气管法。该方法基于气体分子扩散定律和化学吸收反应原理。检气管内的惰性载体涂渍上对一氧化碳有特效的显色剂:氯化钯—稳定剂G-浓硫酸体系。一氧化碳通过检气管端口扩散进入管内,与惰性载体上的显色剂发生反应,从而产生颜色变化。检气管显色长度的平方与一氧化碳浓度及采样时间的乘积在80～800mg/m3范围内(采样一小时)成线性关系,从而求出环境中一氧化碳的时间加权平均浓度。该检气管集采样与分析为一体,可快速测定一氧化碳气体的浓度。经过应用实验表明,该检气管具有较高的灵敏度,基本上达到设计要求。     

平顶山市郊被动式太阳房单一系统可行性分析

本文主要分析了太阳能供热单一系统的经济效益参数和偿还年限，并结合实例进行推导、计算，论证在平顶山市郊推广单一系统的可行性。     

应用被动扩散管采样监测室内环境空气中的SO_2和NO_2

辽宁省环境监测中心站引进英国的扩散管和监测分析技术,把它应用于室内污染物监测。在沈阳、抚顺两市布 设室内监测点位15个,包括燃煤户和燃气户,监测室内环境中SO2和NO2,调查持续了6个月(每个样品采集时间为一个 月),试验对燃煤户和燃气户结果进行了比较,结果充分体现出辽宁省燃煤加重SO2污染的特点。     

Assessment of bioavailable PAH, PCB and OCP concentrations in water, using semipermeable membrane devices (SPMDs), sediments and caged carp

Bioavailable water concentrations of polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs), polychlorinated biphenyls (PCBs) and organochlorine pesticides (OCPs) were assessed at several freshwater sites in and around the city of Amsterdam. Carp (Cyprinus carpio) were caged for 4 weeks at 10 sites, together with semipermeable membrane devices (SPMDs). In addition, sediment samples were taken at each site. SPMDs and sediments were analysed for PAHs, PCBs and OCPs. Carp muscle tissues were analysed for PCBs and OCP, while PAH metabolites were assessed in fish bile. Contaminant concentrations in the water phase were estimated using three different methods: 1. Using fish tissue concentrations and literature bioconcentration factors (BCFs), 2. Using SPMD levels and a kinetic SPMD uptake model, and 3. Using sediment levels and literature sorption coefficients (K_ocs). Since PAH accumulation in fish is not considered an accurate indicator of PAH exposure, calculated aqueous PAH concentrations from SPMD data were compared with semiquantitatively determined biliary PAH metabolite levels. Contaminant concentrations in the water phase estimated with fish data (Cw_fish) and SPMD data (Cw_spmd) were more in line for compounds with lower K_ow than for compounds with higher K_ow values. This indicates that the assumption of fish–water sorption equilibrium was not valid. At most sites, sediment-based water levels (Cw_sed) were comparable with the Cw_spmd, although large differences were observed at certain sites. A significant correlation was observed between biliary PAH metabolite levels in fish and aqueous PAH concentrations estimated with SPMD data, suggesting that both methods may be accurate indicators of PAH exposure in aquatic ecosystems.     

用扩散法被动式个体采样器同时测定空气中二氧化硫和二氧化氮

本文介绍了用被动式个体采样器同时测定空气中ＳＯ２和ＮＯ２的方法,吸收层用三乙醇胺（２０％）＋碳酸钠（５％）溶液浸渍的滤纸,采样后分成两等分,分别测定ＳＯ２和ＮＯ２浓度。与有动力的溶液吸收管现场对比验证,表明两者结果是一致的。在外环境监测时,为了克服风速的影响,可将被动式个体采样器放在ＴＳＰ流量采样器的帽形采样头中,这样可同时测定环境空气中ＴＳＰ、ＳＯ２和ＮＯ２。     

Metal passivity as mechanism of metal carcinogenesis: Chromium,nickel, iron,copper, cobalt,platinum, molybdenum

For the transition metals chromium, nickel, iron, copper, cobalt, platinum, and molybdenum, mechanisms of stable bonding in biochemistry (emphasis on carcinogenic mechanisms), chemistry, industrial chemistry, as well as epidemiological, occupational, orthopedic (implant devices) effects related to carcinogenesis, were reviewed. Hypothetically, the propensity to stable bonding (inertness), which ensures the metals’ performance capacity for consumers and industrial application, relates to their carcinogenicity. For chromium, a relationship between industrial/chemical and biological reactivity was noted for the tendency of Cr(III) ions to cause hydrolysis previous to stable bonding, as occurs during anodic passivation, leather tanning, and as indicated in biochemical studies pertaining to a mechanism of DNA condensation, which was suggested as a carcinogenic mechanism. The involvement of metal hydrolysis in both anodic passivation and biochemistry was noted also for nickel, iron, and platinum; the DNA interaction of platinum (cis-platin) is known to depend on hydrolysis. For nickel, issues of potential (V) were found important in both passivation and carcinogenicity. Comparably, the passivity behavior of cobalt and copper was found atypical, and their carcinogenicity yet unclear. Molybdenum, contained in passivated metallic implants, may relate to implant-associated carcinogenesis. Occupational carcinogenic effects were indicated for chromium, nickel, iron, and cobalt as caused by both reactive and passivated metal species. Exposure to acids and chronic respiratory irritation/infection/inflammation in workers were important cofactors in metal carcinogenesis. For wood and leather workers exposed to dust, the assumed presence in dust of metal particles abraded from alloys (sawing or cutting blades) may be a carcinogenic exposure hazard.     

葫芦脲聚合膜的制备及其在水体被动采样技术中的应用

基于葫芦脲的超分子特性,以醋酸纤维素为载体,制备了葫芦脲膜,采用傅里叶红外光谱、扫描电镜、热重分析对膜的性能进行了表征,研究了葫芦脲膜对三氯生(TCS)和三氯卡班(TCC)的吸附性能,验证了以葫芦脲膜为结合相的被动采样技术测定2种物质的可行性。结果表明:葫芦脲分子确实被引入到醋酸纤维素中,相比于醋酸纤维素膜,葫芦脲膜具有更强的热稳定性和吸附性能;以葫芦脲膜为结合相的被动采样装置在不同环境因素(pH值、离子强度、可溶性有机质)下都具有良好的工作稳定性;将该装置布设到南京市秦淮河中的2个采样点,野外实验验证了该采样装置应用于监测实际水体中的TCS和TCC的可行性。     

Experimental and numerical methodology for the analysis of fireproofing materials

In this study, a methodology for the assessment of fireproofing materials performance is presented. The methodology is based on a combined experimental and numerical approach. A modified version of the ASTM E162 standard fire test was used to expose specimens of steel board protected with different types of fireproofing materials to a steady radiation source. The temperature of the steel board was recorded with an infrared camera in order to evaluate the heat up due to the fire and characterize the protective performance. Experimental results were used to validate a simplified mono-dimensional model which allowed simulating more severe conditions and different protection configurations. A specific key performance indicator (KPI) was used for the quantitative assessment of fireproofing effectiveness. Finally, the professional career of Menso Molag, safety pioneer in the framework of hazardous materials transportation, was outlined.     

车船用内燃发动机噪声污染及其控制

分析内燃机的噪声源和传统的无源降噪方法，结合作者的研究工作介绍了一种随计算机技术和现代控制理论发展起来的主动消声新技术一有源降噪。