Effect of different design aspects of pipe for earth air tunnel heat exchanger system: A state of art

Earth air tunnel heat exchanger (EATHE) is a promising passive technique to provide thermal comfort condition in buildings. EATHE system uses undisturbed temperature of the ground for heating/cooling of air. Despite the several advantages, this technique has not become much popular owing to its high capital cost (mainly pipe cost and trench excavation cost) and large land area requirements. The primary objective of this study is to present a comprehensive review of different EATHE pipe layouts, pipe properties and positioning of the pipe with their advantages and limitations. It is observed that the ring pipe layout is the most cost-effective pipe-layout for small size EATHE system because it saves excavation cost by using a trench of the existing foundation of the building. However, Grid pipe-layout is an ideal layout for a large size EATHE system. Multi-layer pipe layouts should be used to reduce the land area requirement significantly. Moreover, EATHE system can be installed beneath the building (under building foot-print) to eliminate extra land area requirement for the installation of EATHE system. This review article shows that the Initial capital cost and land area requirement for the EATHE system can be substantially reduced by using appropriate pipe layout. It can be concluded that if EATHE system is installed with proper design strategies, it will be a clean and cost-effective method for building heating/cooling with significant power savings.     

散煤采暖清洁化替代方式的生命周期清单分析

从生命周期的角度出发,以1m²房屋每日的供热量为基准,对散煤采暖,电锅炉,低温空气源热泵,燃气壁挂炉,热电联产集中供热,燃气锅炉集中供热,洁净型煤等7种采暖方式的生命周期污染物排放和能源利用效率进行对比分析.结果发现：相比散煤取暖,清洁采暖方式可有效地降低大气污染物排放量,尤其是PM₁₀和PM_2.5.其中,以天然气为热源的燃气锅炉集中供热和燃气壁挂炉最为清洁,可减排SO₂和NO_x 85%左右,减排PM₁₀和PM_2.5 99%左右;洁净型煤和电锅炉的减排效率相对较低.低温空气源热泵和热电联产集中供热对能源利用效率最高,可达到80%以上,而电锅炉仅30%左右.此外,改善建筑围护结构保温性能可有效降低农村地区采暖的大气污染物排放.     

混凝土高温爆裂性能影响因素及预防措施综述

对混凝土高温爆裂成因进行总结,综述高温下混凝土内部蒸汽压力的测试手段、降低混凝土内部蒸汽压力方法、提高混凝土在高温中的抗高温爆裂性能的方法,以及总结了升温速率对混凝土高温爆裂的影响,并提出了几种预防混凝土高温爆裂的措施,为混凝土高温爆裂研究提供依据。     

铁路沿线供暖用低温空气源热泵热力性能对比研究

我国北方铁路沿线站段冬季采暖主要以燃煤锅炉为主,随着冬季雾霾现象日益严重,采用空气源热泵作为北方铁路沿线传统燃煤锅炉供暖的替代方式,对于减少能源消耗、改善大气环境具有重要意义。研究跨临界CO2热回收热泵和回热循环热泵系统2种低温空气源热泵系统,对其热力性能进行了实验和对比分析。结果表明,当环境温度不变时,随着供水温度由45℃升高至55℃,跨临界CO2热回收热泵制热量和COP均升高;随着供水温度由45℃升高至50℃,回热循环热泵制热量和COP均逐渐降低。当供水温度低于50℃时,回热循环热泵COP高于跨临界CO2热回收热泵,回热循环热泵系统的节能效果更为显著;当供水温度超过50℃时,跨临界CO2热回收热泵的性能更优。在低温环境条件下,跨临界CO2热回收热泵系统能够提供更高的供水温度,并有效提升空气源热泵的制热性能,结合我国北方铁路沿线站段的供暖需求和气候条件,提出相较于回热循环热泵系统,跨临界CO2热回收热泵系统的适用性和热力性能更为优越。     

煤自燃特性及自然发火预测预报指标体系研究

以梁宝寺矿3号煤层为背景,采用色谱吸氧法和氧化动力法对其自燃倾向性进行了对比分析。同时,通过煤氧化升温热解实验对其升温过程中各气体随温度的变化规律进行了分析,以实验所得和灰色关联分析所得定性和定量相结合的方式,优选出了不同温度阶段煤自然发火预测预报所对应的第一、第二和第三预测指标,建立了煤自然发火预测预报体系,为有效抑制该矿及同类矿井火灾的发生具有重要意义。     

消解方法对土壤中砷含量测定的影响研究

土壤中总砷的检测方法主要采用原子荧光法测定。样品的消解通常是用微波消解法、水浴消解法和电热板消解法,在这些消解方法中,可以采用不同酸进行消解。所以样品消解过程的不同对土壤中总砷含量的检测结果有至关重要的影响。主要从消解液的种类和加热方式两方面进行研究。结果表明,在准确度方面,加热方式对砷的测定值影响不大,而消解液的选取对结果的影响较大。当消解液是HNO3+HF+HCLO4时,由于样品能完全消解进入溶液中,因此砷的含量测定值较高。     

Updraft gasification of juniper wood biomass using CO2–O2 and Air (N2–O2)

Biomass gasification is being considered as one of the most promising technologies for converting low-quality solid biomass fuel into gaseous fuel. Redberry juniper (Juniperus pinchotii), one of the woody species that dominate uncultivated lands in the southern great plains, USA, may have a great potential for bioenergy utilization. In this study, the results of gasification of juniper are presented. Juniper wood chips were gasified in an adiabatic fixed bed updraft gasifier using air and the mixture gas of carbon dioxide and oxygen (CO₂:O₂) as gasification medium. The effect of gasification parameters such as moisture contents, gasification mediums, and gasification temperature on produced gas properties and the tar yield were investigated. It was observed that oxy fuel gasification (the reaction of woody fuels with carbon dioxide) of juniper resulted in the increase of production of carbon monoxide, especially at higher peak gasification temperatures. As a result, the CO₂ gasification resulted in producing higher heating value gas (6264 kJ/nm³ with dilution of CO₂ and 19,750 kJ/nm³ inert free) compared to air gasification. For air gasification, it was observed that the updraft gasification produced large amount of the tar in the product gas (more than 100 g/nm³) for the fuels with moisture content between 6% and 11%. Generally, the tar yield increased with the increase of equivalence ratio (er) and moisture content. However, when the fuel moisture content reached 23.5%, the tar yield reduced significantly due low gasification temperature which reduced the less tar cracking.     

Reduction of the movement and persistence of pesticides in soil through common agronomic practices

Laboratory and field studies were conducted in order to determine the leaching potential of eight pesticides commonly used during pepper cultivation by use of disturbed soil columns and field lysimeters, respectively. Two soils with different organic matter content (soils A and B) were used. Additionally, soil B was amended with compost (sheep manure). The tested compounds were cypermethrin, chlorpyrifos-methyl, bifenthrin, chlorpyrifos, cyfluthrin, endosulfan, malathion and tolclofos-methyl. In soil B (lower organic matter content), only endosulfan sulphate, malathion and tolclofos-methyl were found in leachates. For the soil A (higher organic matter content) and amended soil B, pesticide residues were not found in the leachates. In addition, this paper reports on the use of common agronomic practices (solarization and biosolarization) to enhance degradation of these pesticides from polluted soil A. The results showed that both solarization and biosolarization enhanced the degradation rates of endosulfan, bifenthrin and tolclofos-methyl compared with the control. Most of the studied pesticides showed similar behavior under solarization and biosolarization conditions. However, chlorpyrifos was degraded to a greater extent in the solarization than in biosolarization treatment. The results obtained point to the interest in the use of organic amendment in reducing the pollution of groundwater by pesticide drainage and in the use of solarization and biosolarization in reducing the persistence of pesticides in soil.     

基于微波热解技术的竹炭、竹醋生产设备研究

基于现有竹炭、竹醋生产工艺流程及工业技术水平,设计了一套具有创新性的竹炭、竹醋生产设备,并给出了设备完整的结构以及包括微波源功率在内的关键制造参数.该设备首次引入微波热解技术代替传统的燃烧加热方法,同时窑炉整体设计遵循节约生产空间、原料充分转化、废气废渣循环处理、热量多级利用、全封闭式生产、自动化控制等节能、环保、高效的思想.此外,在对微波源的设计上依据多源溃能理论,采用以小功率磁控管组合代替大功率磁控管设计,从而大幅降低设备的制造成本,提高微波源的使用寿命及工作稳定性.     

用直接加热代替水浴加热测定高锰酸盐指数

在地表水高锰酸盐指数酸性法分析中，通过对2种加热方法的实验对比，结果表明，直接加热法具有省时、省力，且精密度、准确度均能满足环境监测规范要求等优点，特别适用于大批量样品分析。