丙烯酸柱撑类水滑石的制备及其对Cu2+的吸附性能

以Zn-Al-NO3--类水滑石为前体,采用返混沉淀法制备了丙烯酸柱撑类水滑石,将其用于吸附废水中的Cu2+.实验结果表明:当初始Cu2+质量浓度为80 mg/L、丙烯酸柱撑类水滑石加入量为40 g/L、废水pH为6、吸附时间为2.0 h时,丙烯酸柱撑类水滑石对Cu2+有较好的吸附效果,在此条件下废水中Cu2+的吸附率高达95.31％;丙烯酸柱撑类水滑石对Cu2+的吸附符合Freundlich等温吸附模型.     

颗石藻藻源性二甲基硫丙酸（DMSP）在致死卤虫时的作用检测(The Detection of Lethal Effects of Algal Derived DMSP of Pleurochrysis carterea on Artemia salina)

颗石藻Pleurochrysis carterea具有显著致死卤虫的作用,但机理尚需进一步解明.为了分析颗石藻藻源性的二甲基硫丙酸(DMSP)及其分解产物二甲基硫(DMS)和丙烯酸是否是致死卤虫的原因所在,检测了P.carterae在受卤虫捕食压力情况下细胞DMSP及其裂解产物DMS的定量变化,以及外源DMSP、DMS和丙烯酸对卤虫的直接作用.结果显示,外源添加的高挥发性DMS对卤虫无节幼虫没有急性致死效应.外源重复添加浓度为0.08至1.0mM的DMSP和丙烯酸对卤虫的致死存在浓度和时间相关的效应,浓度越高发生卤虫大量死亡的时间越早.检测外源重复添加DMSP和丙烯酸时的pH变化发现,试剂重复添加会造成pH显著下降,这可能是致死卤虫真实的直接原因.捕食者与被捕食者系统中,检测颗石藻液中藻源性DMSP及裂解产物的定量水平并未达到显著致死卤虫的作用.但是,考虑颗石藻被卤虫重复捕食入体内的累积变化时,从理论值分析来看,颗石藻在卤虫体内的裂解可能对体内产生脉冲式的累积过低酸刺激,或许是造成卤虫的死亡原因.     

Anti-fouling ultrafiltration membrane prepared from polysulfone-graft-methyl acrylate copolymers by UV-induced grafting method

Membrane fouling is one of the most important challenges faced in membrane ultrafiltration operations. The copolymers of polysulfone-graft-methyl acrylate were synthesized by homogeneous photo-initiated graft copolymerization. The variables affecting the degree of grafting, such as the time of UV(Ultraviolet-visible)irradiation and the concentrations of the methyl acrylate and photoinitiator, were investigated. The graft copolymer membranes were prepared by the phase inversion method. The chemical and morphological changes were characterized by attenuated total reflection-Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy(ATR/FT-IR), scanning electron microscopy, and water contact angles measurements. Results revealed that methyl acrylate groups were present on the membranes and the graft degree of methyl acrylate had remarkable effect on the performance of membranes. Pure water contact allgle on the membrane surface decreases with the increase of methyl acrylate graftdegree. which indicated that the hydrophilicity of graft copolymer membranes Was improved. The permeation fluxes of pure water and bovine serum albumin solution were measured to evaluate the antifouling property of graft copolymer membranes, the results of which have shown an enhancement of antifouling property for graft copoly mermembranes.     

UASB＋生物接触氧化处理高浓度丙烯酸废水

某生产超吸水性树脂的化工厂生产中采用UASB＋物接触氧化工艺处理废水．工程实践表明：该工艺处理效果良好,运行费用较低,CODCr的平均去除率达到95．11％,各项出水指标均达到该园区污水处理厂接管标准。     

添加纳米SiO2空芯微球的水性丙烯酸 涂料性能研究

目的将纳米SiO_2空芯微球加入水性丙烯酸成膜物中,制备出一种性能优异的水性丙烯酸涂料。方法采用扫描电子显微镜(SEM)、拉开法附着力测试、氙灯加速老化试验、酸性盐雾试验、电化学交流阻抗(EIS)等方法对涂层的微观形貌、常规力学及电化学性能进行系统性研究。结果 SEM形貌表明,添加的玻璃微球与成膜物之间具有良好的相容性和稳定性,改性后的涂层在常温和高温环境下具有较好的附着力。盐雾试验和氙灯加速老化试验结果进一步显示改性后的涂层具有较好的耐老化性能,在酸性环境下有着较好的耐蚀性能。从电化学交流阻抗对比结果可明显观察到添加微球的水性丙烯酸涂层耐腐蚀性能提高了50%。结论将纳米SiO_2微球加入水性丙烯酸成膜物中,可有效改善水性丙烯酸涂料的环境适应性,同时能够有效提升其防腐性能。     

活性化学品反应失控事故

自从1984年博帕尔的噩梦发生后,美国在化工工艺安全方面有许多积极的改变。但是,涉及活性化学品的事故,仍然频繁地发生,且通常导致悲惨的结果。本文剖析了美国发生的4起重大活性化学品事故,揭示了化学反应失控时的后果。