南半球气候变暖对西北太平洋热带气旋的影响

在分析南半球地面气温序列和西北太平洋热带气旋序列的基础上，讨论了南半球气候变暖对西北太平洋上热带气旋的影响和可能的机制。结果表明，随着南半球气候变暖，西北太平洋上热带气旋的频数减少，强度减弱；同时，随着南半球气候变暖，西北太平洋上强台风的频数将减少，最大中心风速将减弱。一种可能的机制是由于从南半球侵入西北太平洋的冷空气随着南半球气候的变暖而减弱。     

热带毁林对全球产生的影响

<正> 1980年,热带林每年开垦用作其它用途的面积(主要用于农业)相当于宾夕法尼亚州或路易斯安那州的面积(11.3×10~6 ha).去年毁林面积几乎增加2倍,相当于佛罗里达州与缅因州而积之和.毁林除了对当地居民所需要的粮食、保护地及其它资源产生损失外,还对当地环境产生许多影响(如土壤侵蚀、雨量减少、降低土壤持水性、增加洪水发生频率和强度,水坝淤泥堵塞,温度升高).这些影响尤其困扰着直接依靠土地生存的大多数发展中国家人民.毁林也带来了全球性影响,如物种遭到灭绝;土地承载力下降:对水循环、热量平     

Fragmented forest in tropical landscape--the case of the state of Selangor,Malaysia

This paper presents the pattern and changes of fragmented forest in relation with changes of total forest cover in the state of Selangor in three decades.In this study,inventoried forest cover maps of Selangor in 1971/1972,1981/1982 and 1991/1992 produced by the Forestry Department of Peninsular Malaysia were digitized to examine the changes in area and number of fragmented forest.Results showed that in 1971/1972,16 fragmented forests were identified in Selangor.All fragmented forests were identified as diptercoarp forest.A decade later the number of fragmented forests increased by approximately 44%(23).Of the 23 fragmented forests,two were peat swamp forests whereas the remaining were dipterocarp forests.In 1991/1992 the number of fragmented forests(12)was reduced by 47.8%.Two of the fragmented forests were Fragmentation of both dipterocrp and peat swamp forests occurred profoundly during the period between 1971/1972and 1981/1982,which consequently increased the number of fragmented forests compared with before the period of 1971/1972 where fragmentation happened only at dipterocarp forests.However,many fragmented forests vanished between the 1981/1982 and 1991/1992 periods.     

生物多样性前景

我们预计，如果人类的行为方式不发生根本改变，那么到2050年，全球生物多样性和生态系统的服务将发生重大变化。到那时，将有大量物种已经灭绝，现存的热带森林将会大大地被缩减并碎分化；而温带森林和一些热带森林将得以保持或面积有所增加，不过热带森林的生物资源将被耗尽；海洋生态系统将会与现在迥然不同，很少会有大型海洋捕食者出现，而且几乎所有地方的淡水生物多样性都将被严重地削弱。诚然，这些变化本身还不至威胁到人类作为一个物种的生存。     

Bioconcentration kinetics of PCBs in various parts of the lifecycle of the tadpoles Xenopus laevis

Polychlorinated biphenyls （PCBs） in Xenopus laevis have been reported only for a few congeners. Additionally, there is very little information on the ability of Xenopus laevis to bioconcentrate PCBs. To address these issues, the tadpole Xenopus laevis was exposed to Aroclor 1254 mixtures in water at room temperature for 110 d followed by an additional 110 d of nonspiked PCBs in the water for the control group. During the whole process, bioconcentration factors （BCFs） of PCBs ranged from 1180 to 15670. For most PCB congeners, the highest and lowest bioconcentrations of the kinetic curves were found to be remarkably simultaneous, respectively. All 141 PCB congeners under the same experimental conditions had no linear correlation on the lgBCF versus lgKow relationship. The relationship between lgBCFs and lgKow followed a parabolic pattern indicative of selective bioconcentration, suggesting that the kinetic curves of the PCB congeners observed in the lifecycle of the tadpoles may be concentrated due to the amphibian special species and internal metabolism. In contrast, lgBCFs for PCBs were inversely related to lgKow, suggesting that a metabolism of the higher Kow PCB congeners occurred. These results support the author＇s conclusion that the tadpole Xenopus laevis plays major roles in the bioconcentration of PCB congeners, and demonstrated that the exposure kinetic curves of PCB congeners are complex. Besides the amphibian metamorphous development, the lifecycle of the tadpole Xenopus laevis also may be of importance in determining the bioconcentration of PCB congeners.     

元江河谷热带坝区自然优势及其开发

元江河谷是我国云南省横断山脉中的干热河谷之一,属于热带半干旱河谷气候类型。具有丰富的热量资源和土地资源,但降雨量特少,生态环境脆弱,限制了多种热带作物的生长,长期以来未引起人们的重视。作者在该地区进行多年试验研究工作的基础上,从自然地理条件、生态环境,通过对比分析,论述了元江河谷热带坝区的自然优势。强调指出:该地区是我国发展优质紫胶--信德紫胶虫最理想的地方。从林业的发展方向与战略来考虑,指出今后元江河谷热带坝区的开发利用,主要是发展林业,走“生态林业”的道路。选择优质紫胶虫最好的寄主树滇刺枣作为造林树种,建立以滇刺枣人工林为主体的人工生态系统。     

全球气候变暖对热带气旋（台风）及其灾害的影响

近十几年来,全球气候明显变暖,已对人类生存、社会发展产生巨大的影响,引起了社会各界和政府首脑的密切关注。1989年,世界环境日以“警惕,全球气候变暖”为主题,广泛开展宣传活动,以增强人们的气候和灾害意识,动员科学家们对气候变化及由此带来的影响进行研究。本文对全球气候变暖对热带气旋活动规律的影响及灾害程度,进行初步探讨。一、全球热带气旋的气候特征和灾害 (一)全球的热带气旋热带气旋是发生在热带洋面上,伴有狂风暴雨的大气涡旋。平均每年约有80个达到热带     

作为热带森林保护手段的天然林管理评估

在过去几年间，人们在协调保护与发展议程方面已作了许多努力，很多保护机构信奉的观点是从天然林中精心利用木材资源才是可行的保护对策的组成部分。遗憾的是“天然林管理”的投资在财政上缺乏吸引力，政府通常不愿意或难以督促采伐者进行这种投资，即使在这些问题能够解决的地方，保护的倡议仍需仔细地考虑天然林管理是可能经其它方法导致更少的损害。这个问题的答案在于缺乏林业计划的民政部下会有什么样的人类干扰发生；是少还是