中国喀斯特碳循环

<正>在2015年,全球CO_2平均浓度首次达到400×10~(-6);在2016年,多个大气观察站点的CO_2浓度持续保持在400×10~(-6)之上,最高达407.7×10~(-6)(世界气象组织WHO,2016-11-14);这意味着,因大气CO_2浓度升高而引起的全球气温升高、冰盖与冰川融化、极端气候事件频度等气候变化将更加严重。     

菌根真菌对大气CO2浓度升高的响应研究进展

大气CO2浓度升高对植物的光合作用、呼吸作用等产生直接影响，进而影响到运送到根系中碳的量，菌根真菌也随之受到影响．本文对全球CO2浓度升高对菌根真菌的影响、菌根真菌在植物对大气CO2增加响应中的作用、菌根真菌在大气CO2浓度增加条件下对整个生态系统的作用等进行了综述，同时对当前存在的问题和未来的发展做了探讨．图1参37     

菌根真菌对大气CO_2浓度升高的响应研究进展

大气CO2浓度升高对植物的光合作用、呼吸作用等产生直接影响,进而影响到运送到根系中碳的量,菌根真菌也随之受到影响.本文对全球CO2浓度升高对菌根真菌的影响、菌根真菌在植物对大气CO2增加响应中的作用、菌根真菌在大气CO2浓度增加条件下对整个生态系统的作用等进行了综述,同时对当前存在的问题和未来的发展做了探讨.图1参37     

硼酸废液水泥固化配方与高减容技术初探

妥善处理核电站产生的低，中放射性废物是核电带来健康发展的前提和保证，水泥可作为多种类型低，中放射性废物固化处理的基质材料。该文研究了４％硼酸废液水泥固化的配方，其结果表明，硼酸废液在水泥中虽有良好的分散性并起缓凝作用，但泌水与终凝时间过长，限制民配方中废液含量的提高。     

胶结稻壳灰制备钢铁厂用绝热材料的研究

介绍了利用钙淀粉胶结剂胶粘稻壳灰生产钢铁厂专用绝热制品的方法 ,为稻壳的利用提供了新的途径。该制品在高温下使用时不溃散、不散发有害的粉尘和气体 ,从而避免了直接使用稻壳灰对生产场所环境的污染 ;探讨了稻壳灰的碳化过程、胶结机理以及相关因素对制品性能的影响     

石英棒负载TiO2光催化膜的制备、表征与降解性能

利用浸涂法在石英光导棒上制得了TiO2光催化膜.用扫描电镜(SEM)、X射线衍射(XRD)等方法对膜的形貌和晶相组成进行了表征,以苯酚为模型污染物考察了膜的活性.结果表明,所制得的TiO2膜催化剂主要由锐钛矿和金红石2种晶相组成;光催化降解苯酚的效果明显优于直接光解;当苯酚初始浓度为0.98 mg/L时,反应2.5 h后的降解率为86%.     

转炉烟气粉尘比电阻影响因素实验研究

实验研究了转炉烟气干法除尘系统不同位置粉尘的矿物组成、粒度分布及温度、湿度对粉尘比电阻的影响。研究结果表明,同一粉尘样品由室温加热到220℃,比电阻变化趋势都是先升高再降低,在150℃左右比电阻值最高;在低温区,粉尘粒径越大比电阻值越大,当比电阻值达到峰值后,粉尘粒径越小则比电阻值越大,且原始粉尘样品的比电阻值最小;转炉粉尘中含量较高的成分为CaO和Fe_2O_3,粉尘比电阻值随着CaO含量增加而增加,随着Fe_2O_3含量的增加而降低,且在含量变化相同的情况下,CaO对粉尘比电阻值增大的作用强于Fe_2O_3对比电阻值降低的作用;随着粉尘含水量的升高,粉尘比电阻值逐渐降低。     

Effect of high concentrations of inorganic seed aerosols on secondary organic aerosol formation in the m-xylene/NOx photooxidation system

High concentrations (>15 μm³ cm^?3) of CaSO₄, Ca(NO₃)₂ and (NH₄)₂SO₄ were selected as surrogates of dry neutral, aqueous neutral and dry acidic inorganic seed aerosols, respectively, to study the effects of inorganic seeds on secondary organic aerosol (SOA) formation in irradiated m-xylene/NO_x photooxidation systems. The results indicate that neither ozone formation nor SOA formation is significantly affected by the presence of neutral aerosols (both dry CaSO₄ and aqueous Ca(NO₃)₂), even at elevated concentrations. The presence of high concentrations of (NH₄)₂SO₄ aerosols (dry acidic) has no obvious effect on ozone formation, but it does enhance SOA generation and increase SOA yields. In addition, the effect of dry (NH₄)₂SO₄ on SOA yield is found to be positively correlated with the (NH₄)₂SO₄ surface concentration, and the effect is pronounced only when the surface concentration reaches a threshold value. Further, it is proposed that the SOA generation enhancement is achieved by particle-phase heterogeneous reactions induced and catalyzed by the acidity of dry (NH₄)₂SO₄ seed aerosols.     

Air pollution and its control in China

The rapid growth of China’s economy has led to severe air pollution characterized by acid rain, severe pollution in cities, and regional air pollution. High concentrations are found for various pollutants such as sulfur dioxides (SO₂), nitrogen oxides (NO_x), and fine particulates. Great efforts have thus been undertaken for the control of air pollution in the country. This paper discusses the development and application of appropriate technologies for reducing the major pollutants produced by coal and vehicles, and investigates air quality modeling as an important support for policy-making.     

土壤性质对土壤中汞赋存形态的影响

土壤是一个复杂的生态系统，典型相关分析表明，土壤的组成性状对土壤中汞的形态分布影响较大，影响因子主要有ＦＡ，ＨＡ，有机质和碳酸盐含量，土壤粘粒作用较小，土壤有机质表现出很强的表面络合能力。