通气对复合生物滤池处理晚年期渗滤液污染物效果影响及微生物群落结构分析

以上海老港垃圾填埋场填埋多年的陈垃圾和废弃多孔滤料为填料构建复合生物滤池处理晚年期垃圾渗滤液.研究了不同运行条件下复合生物滤池对晚年期渗滤液的处理效果,并对不同通气状况下功能微生物的数量、组成和群落结构,以及与处理效果之间的关系进行了分析结果表明：通气对污染物的去除率有较明显的提高,在复合生物滤池中部通气条件下(气固比...     

Diversity of free-living nitrogen-fixing microorganisms in wastelands of copper mine tailings during the process of natural ecological restoration

Biological nitrogen fixing is an important source of nitrogen input in the natural ecological restoration of mine wastelands. The diversity of nifH genes in tailings samples under di erent plant communities in Yangshanchong and Tongguanshan wastelands in Tongling, was analyzed using polymerase chain reaction-denaturing gradient gel electrophoresis (PCR-DGGE) approach. The nitrogen-fixing microorganism community in the upper layer of tailings of Tongguanshan wasteland discarded in 1980 showed higher Shannon-Wiener diversity index than that in Yangshanchong wasteland discarded in 1991. The diversity of nifH genes in Yangshanchong wasteland of copper mine tailings did not display a consistent successional tendency with development of plant communities during the process of natural ecological restoration. Phylogenetic analysis of 25 sequences of nifH gene fragments retrieved from the DGGE gels indicated that there were mainly two taxa of free-living nitrogen-fixing microorganisms, Proteobacteria and Cyanobacteria living in the wastelands investigated, most of which were unique and uncultured. Canonical correspondence analysis (CCA) based on the relationship between band patterns of DGGE profile and physico-chemical properties of tailings samples showed that the diversity of nifH genes in di erent tailing samples was mainly a ected by loss of ignition, water content, pH and available Zn contents of wastelands. The dominant plant species and development period of plant communities by ameliorating pH, reducing the toxicity of heavy metals, increasing organic matter and water content a ected the diversity and structure of the free-living nitrogenfixing microorganisms in wastelands of copper mine tailings.     

Comparison of bacterial community structures in two systems of a sewage treatment plant using PCR-DGGE analysis

Bacterial community was investigated during sludge bulking period using combination of PCR amplification of 16sRNA genes with DGGE analysis.     

矿区土壤中砷污染对微生物群落的影响研究

采用梯度培养和PCR-DGGE技术,对大柳塔矿区矸石山及周边土壤的砷含量及其对土壤微生物群落的影响进行了研究,并通过测序研究了土壤微生物群落的结构。结果表明,矸石山及其周边自然表土的含水量较少,且十分相近;全磷和有机质含量普遍较高,p H呈中偏碱性;不同风化程度矸石山土壤砷含量对土壤微生物群落有显著的影响,不同砷污染负荷土壤中微生物群落的丰度存在差异;矸石山复垦年限不同,土壤理化性质会发生变化;土壤中砷含量的增高,对植物生长起关键作用的Gemmatimonas(甲烷单毛菌属)等微生物群落受到不同程度的抑制;Proteobacterium(变形菌门)具有较强的耐砷性;矸石山土壤特有的理化性质可为GASP-WA2W2_F11等微生物群落的演替创造了条件。     

Biolog和PCR-DGGE技术解析椒江口沉积物微生物多样性

采用Biolog和PCR-DGGE技术对椒江口6个站位表层沉积物群落水平的微生物代谢功能和以16S rRNA基因标记的细菌遗传多样性进行分析,并对其代谢功能和群落结构与沉积物污染物等参数进行冗余梯度分析(Redundancy gradient analysis,RDA)和典范对应分析(Canonicalcorrespondence analysis,CCA).Biolog分析结果表明,微生物群落整体代谢活性由高到低的顺序为:潮间带(B1、B2)、入海口处(A3)>入海口内(A1、A2)>入海口外(A4);碳源代谢的Shannon-Wiener多样性指数范围为2.09～3.25,由高到低的顺序为:潮间带(B1、B2)、入海口处(A3)>河道内(A1)>近入海口处(A2)>入海口外(A4);潮间带、入海口处及河道内的微生物对各类碳源的相对利用率较平均,而近入海口处和入海口外的微生物群落对聚合物的相对利用率较高,对氨基酸类和胺类的相对利用率较低.DGGE图谱分析表明,细菌群落结构沿河口盐度梯度存在空间异质性,但两潮间带站位的相似度高(82.27%);遗传基因的Shannon-Wiener多样性指数范围为1.68～2.87,由高到低的顺序为:潮间带>入海口处>入海口外>近入海口处>河道内.群落代谢功能与理化因子的RDA显示,有机质和硝基苯的分布能较好地解释微生物群落代谢功能的变化;群落遗传结构与理化因子的CCA显示,硝基苯和多环芳烃的分布能较好地解释细菌群落遗传结构的变化.综上结果认为,椒江口沉积物的微生物代谢及遗传多样性符合典型的河口特征,但入海口内微生物沉积环境已表现出对某些化工污染物的响应.     

百草枯对巨桉人工幼林土壤细菌多样性的影响

为了解百草枯对土壤微生物多样性的影响过程和时效,在施加百草枯后第0、1、2、4、8、15、31d动态采集四川盆地典型巨桉人工幼林表层土壤,采用PCR-DGGE方法研究了细菌群落多样性特征.结果表明,施加百草枯后第1d土壤细菌丰富度显著降低,但在第2d明显增加,随后在第4d和第8d出现一个降低的过程,直至第15d降至最低点,在第31d又显著增加.施用百草枯后明显降低了土壤细菌群落Shannon-Wiener指数,但增加了Simpson指数,表明百草枯的施加可使部分细菌减少或丧失,土壤细菌群落结构表现出较高的优势度和较低的丰富度.通过对优势条带的克隆测序,鞘脂杆菌科(Sphingobacteriaceae)和酸杆菌纲(Acidobacteria)普遍存在于施加百草枯前后的不同阶段,而施加百草枯后第1d伯克氏菌目(Burkholderiales)和γ-变形菌纲(Gamma-proteobacteria)条带消失,随后均在第2、4和8d出现,但15d后伯克氏菌目、α-变形菌纲(Alpha-proteobacteria)和γ-变形菌纲条带消失,第31dγ-变形菌纲条带仍然缺失.这些结果为更清晰地认识百草枯对土壤微生物的影响提供了基础数据.     

溶氧对富集培养的河口湿地表层沉积物氨氧化菌多样性及氨氧化速率的影响

溶氧(dissolved oxygen,DO)是影响氨氧化过程的一个重要环境因素.为探究DO对氨氧化过程的影响程度及其作用机制,本研究对驯化培养河口湿地表层沉积物所得到的氨氧化菌富集培养物进行DO处理实验,利用PCR-DGGE分子指纹图谱技术比较不同DO条件下氨氧化菌多样性,确定DO对氨氧化速率、氨氧化菌多样性的影响规律.结果表明,在饱和及好氧条件下氨氧化细菌(ammonia-oxidizing bacteria,AOB)群落多样性指数(Shannon index)达到2.00和2.05,氨氧化古菌(ammonia-oxidizing archaea,AOA)为2.49和2.03,氨氧化速率分别达到14.20 mg·(L·d)-1和13.36 mg·(L·d)-1,NH4+-N转化率达到93.8%和88.2%.而在缺氧和厌氧条件下AOB群落多样性指数分别为1.76和1.80,AOA为1.27和2.21,氨氧化速率仅为7.82 mg·(L·d)-1和5.66 mg·(L·d)-1,NH4+-N转化率为51.7%和37.4%.相关性分析结果表明,DO浓度与氨氧化速率呈极显著正相关,与AOB多样性指数亦呈显著正相关;DO和氨氧化速率与AOA群落各指数都无相关关系.     

Spatial characteristics analysis by PCR-DGGE for bacterial communities in surface sediments of Tangxi River,Hefei City北大核心CSCD

Microbes play an important role in material circulation and pollutant release in urban sediments, and its community structure can provide an important basis for evaluating the pollution load and ecosystem health of an urban river. In this study, bacterial communities in sediments from different locations of Tangxi River in Anhui Province were analyzed and compared, with an objective of evaluating the effects of aquatic environment on spatial characteristics of bacterial communities and the feasibility of using bacterial community composition as an indicator of urban river health. PCR-DGGE was applied to analyze the bacterial communities; fifteen major bands of 16S rDNA genes fragments from DGGE profiles of sediment samples were further eluted from gel, reamplified and sequenced. The sequences of these fragments were compared with the database in GenBank (NCBI). The collected samples were clustered based on UPGM Aanalysis. In addition, relationships between bacterial communities and environmental factors were analyzed by Monte Carlo test and redundancy analysis (RDA). The DGGE profiles indicated that upstream surface sediments had about 30 bands, but the differences in brightness were not significant. Although midstream surface sediments had only 18 bands on average, the brightness of some bands was relatively high, indicating that some dominant species of bacteria existed in these sediments. The amounts of bands in downstream sediments were between those of upstream and midstream, with some bands of high brightness. The NCBI comparison results showed that ten sequences shared 98-100% homology with known sequences, one with 97%, and the other four with uncultured bacteria. Shannon index (H) of bacterial diversity from upstream surface sediments was 3.31 on average, which was significantly (P < 0.05) higher than that of midstream surface sediments, and slightly higher than that of downstream surface sediments. UPGMA results showed both the distribution of bacteria communities and the diversity were strongly related with the sampling locations (Eigenvalue = 0.188, P = 0.134). Monte Carlo test and RDA analysis showed that the ion exchangeable form of nitrogen (IEF-N) was the main factor influencing the spatial characteristics of bacterial communities in the sediments. The aquatic plants had a significant effect on the richness of bacterial communities in the sediments, and the effectiveness of plant species was more notable than that of the vegetation coverage. The above results indicated that bacterial community structure and diversity in the surface sediments can well reflect the degree of urbanization development and effectiveness of ecological restoration in Tangxi River region.     

IC反应器处理啤酒废水的效能及其微生物群落动态分析

在35℃下连续运行内循环厌氧反应器(IC),通过不断提高进水容积负荷,研究不同运行负荷下反应器处理模拟啤酒废水的运行情况,并探讨微生物的种群结构与其活性变化之间的相互关系.IC反应器效能分析表明其最大进水容积负荷(以COD计)可达20 kg.(m3.d)-1,COD去除率为85%以上,最大比产甲烷活性(以VSS计)可达210 mL.(g.d)-1;污泥脱氢酶活性与细菌DGGE图谱表明反应器中脱氢酶活性的变化趋势与细菌DGGE条带总光强度的变化趋势一致,DGGE图谱中细菌条带的总光密度值可作为厌氧体系中生物量的一个参考指标;辅酶F420与古细菌DGGE分析表明,污泥中辅酶F420含量与甲烷鬃菌属(Methanosaeta sp.)的相对丰度有一定的相互联系,在低负荷条件下甲烷八叠球菌属(Methanosarcina mazei)优势地位比较显著,随着负荷的提高,甲烷鬃菌属(Methanosaeta sp.)优势地位逐渐显著,且辅酶F420含量随之升高,当最大负荷为20kg.(m3.d)-1时,辅酶F420的含量(以VSS计)达到0.16μmol.g-1,而此时甲烷鬃菌属(Methanosaeta sp.)占据尤为明显的优势地位;聚类分析(UPGAMA)和Shannon指数也表明在不同反应负荷下,微生物的群落结构变化明显.     

不同原料厌氧发酵及其微生物种群的研究

使用PCR-DGGE技术,对以鸡粪、猪粪、牛粪、秸秆为发酵原料的发酵体系的微生物群落多样性进行了研究.在发酵不同时间取样,进行了日产甲烷量、日产甲烷浓度的变化分析和DGGE分析.结果表明,日产甲烷量整体趋势为猪粪>鸡粪>秸秆>牛粪,日平均产甲烷量分别为2.67、2.24、0.99、0.49L;猪粪、鸡粪、秸秆的日产甲烷浓度在整个发酵周期大多可维持在50%以上,牛粪的日产甲烷浓度大部分时间低于30%;细菌的优势菌群有拟杆菌属(Bacteroidetes)、密螺旋体属(Treponema)、厌氧绳菌科(Anaerolineaceae)等,新增优势菌群有梭菌属(Clostridium)、脱硫叶菌属(Desulfobulbus)、毛螺旋菌科(Lachnospiraceae)、醋弧菌属(Acetivibrio);古菌的优势菌群有甲烷鬃菌属(Methanosaeta)、甲烷八叠球菌属(Methanosarcina)、甲烷八叠球菌目(Methanosarcinales),新增优势菌群有斯氏甲烷球菌属(Methanosphaera stadtmanae).