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91.
Non-homogeneous Poisson models with a change-point: an application to ozone peaks in Mexico city 总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1
Jorge Alberto Achcar Eliane R. Rodrigues Carlos Daniel Paulino Paulo Soares 《Environmental and Ecological Statistics》2010,17(4):521-541
In this paper, we use some non-homogeneous Poisson models in order to study the behavior of ozone measurements in Mexico City.
We assume that the number of ozone peaks follows a non-homogeneous Poisson process. We consider four types of rate function
for the Poisson process: power law, Musa–Okumoto, Goel–Okumoto, and a generalized Goel–Okumoto rate function. We also assume
that a change-point may or may not be present. The analysis of the problem is performed by using a Bayesian approach via Markov
chain Monte Carlo methods. The best model is chosen using the DIC criterion as well as graphical approach. 相似文献
92.
Abel L. G. Ferreira Pedro Serra Amadeu M. V. M. Soares Susana Loureiro 《Environmental science and pollution research international》2010,17(6):1217-1229
Global warming has become a source of awareness regarding the potential deleterious effects of extreme abiotic factors (e.g.,
temperature, dissolved oxygen (DO) levels) and also their influence on chemicals toxicity. In this work, we studied the combined
effects of nickel and temperature (low and high levels) and nickel and low levels of DO to Daphnia magna, and concentration addition and independent action concepts as well as their deviations for synergism/antagonism, dose ratio
and dose level dependency, were applied to survival and feeding rate data. Nickel single exposure showed an LC50 value for 48 h of 7.36 mg l−1 and an EC50 value for feeding impairment at 2.41 mg l−1. In the acute exposures to high and low temperatures, 50% of mortality was observed, respectively, at 30.7°C and 4.2°C whereas
50% reduction on the feeding activity was recorded at 22.6°C and 16.0°C. Relatively to low DO levels, a LC50 value for 48 h of 0.5 mg l−1 was obtained; feeding activity EC50 value was 2 mg l−1. On acute combined experiments, antagonism was observed for the combination of nickel and extreme temperatures, whereas a
synergistic behaviour was observed in the combined exposure of nickel and low DO levels. At sublethal levels, nickel showed
to be the main inducer of toxicity at high and low temperatures but not at low levels of dissolved oxygen. Toxicokinetics
and toxicodynamics modelling studies should be made in the future to understand the toxicological pathways involved on complex
combinations of stressors and to validate any conclusions. 相似文献
93.
Summary. Individual variations in pheromone emission patterns were examined in a scarab beetle, Anomala cuprea Hope (Coleoptera: Scarabaeidae), by headspace collection of airborne volatiles from individual females. The amount of pheromone
obtained varied among virgin females, and about 16% of these females (“silent” females) did not emit detectable amount of
pheromone throughout the experimental period. There was no clear temporal pattern of peak pheromone emission for 19 days after
the onset. More than half of the laboratory mated females completely stopped releasing pheromone after the first mating, while
the rest of them continued releasing pheromone, frequently followed by additional mating.
Received 26 March 2001; accepted 28 January 2002. 相似文献
94.
Da Costa Soares Izabelle C. Oriol Roger Ye Zhihong Martínez-Huitle Carlos A. Cabot Pere L. Brillas Enric Sirés Ignasi 《Environmental science and pollution research international》2021,28(19):23833-23848
Environmental Science and Pollution Research - One of the main challenges of electrochemical Fenton-based processes is the treatment of organic pollutants at near-neutral pH. As a potential... 相似文献
95.
Romanelli João Paulo Gonçalves Maria Carolina Pereira de Abreu Pestana Luís Fernando Soares Jéssica Akemi Hitaka Boschi Raquel Stucchi Andrade Daniel Fernandes 《Environmental science and pollution research international》2021,28(43):60448-60458
Environmental Science and Pollution Research - The evidence base in environmental sciences is increasing steadily. Environmental researchers have been challenged to handle massive volumes of data... 相似文献
96.
Araújo Mário J. Soares Amadeu M. V. M. Monteiro Marta S. 《Environmental science and pollution research international》2021,28(37):51440-51452
Environmental Science and Pollution Research - Many personal care products integrate UV-filters, such as 4-methylbenzylidene camphor (4-MBC), a compound frequently detected in aquatic habitats,... 相似文献
97.
Monteiro M Quintaneiro C Nogueira AJ Morgado F Soares AM Guilhermino L 《Chemosphere》2007,66(3):514-522
Juveniles of the estuarine fish Pomatoschistus microps were collected from autumn 2001 to summer 2002 in five stations along the Portuguese Northwest coast with different types and/or levels of environmental contamination: two reference sites with low levels of contamination (R1 and R2) and three differently impacted areas with higher levels of contamination. UI is located in an estuary under the influence of urban and industrial effluents, AA in a channel that receives intensive agriculture run-off and IE in a highly impacted industrial area. The activity of the enzymes acetylcholinesterase (AChE), lactate dehydrogenase (LDH), 7-ethoxyresorufin O-deethylase (EROD) and glutathione S-transferases (GST) were used as environmental biomarkers on P. microps. A significant seasonality effect on all the enzymatic activities was found, lower levels being registered in winter and spring on AChE, in autumn on LDH, and in winter on GST and EROD. The battery of biomarkers used was capable of discriminating sites with different types and/or levels of contamination, R1 and UI being the highest discriminated (91.7% and 66.7%, respectively). At R1 significantly lower levels of AChE and LDH were found, and EROD was significantly inducted at UI. Furthermore, IE presented higher levels of GST, and R2 and AA an inhibition of AChE in winter and spring. The results indicated that the battery of biomarkers used in this study seems to be a useful tool to distinguish between different types of environmental contamination in estuarine systems, and that P. microps is a suitable species to be used as bioindicator. 相似文献
98.
P. Palma M. Kuster P. Alvarenga V.L. Palma R.M. Fernandes A.M.V.M. Soares M.J. López de Alda D. Barceló I.R. Barbosa 《Environment international》2009,35(3):545-551
Surface waters located in intensive agricultural areas are more vulnerable to the pesticides contamination, which is a major concern if the water is intended to be used for human consumption. The aim of this study was to evaluate the presence and the distribution of pesticides in the Alqueva reservoir, an important source of water supply (South of Portugal), considering their representativeness in the agricultural practice of the area. For the analysis of pesticides risk impact we used the environmental quality standards in the field of water policy proposed recently by the European Commission. The pesticides belonging to the classes of phenylureas, triazines, chloroacetanilides, organophosphorous and thiocarbamates were analysed by on-line solid phase extraction-liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry. The pesticides more frequently detected were atrazine, simazine, diuron and terbuthylazine. The highest levels of these pesticides were registered in spring, after pesticides treatment, namely in olive-tree and vine crops. The priority pesticides atrazine and diuron reached values above the annual average proposed in the European Union Legislation. The herbicide atrazine reached values that surpassed the proposed maximum allowable concentration (2 000 ng L? 1). The sampling stations most affected by these pesticides were Sra. Ajuda, Lucefecit and Alcarrache, located in the northern part of the reservoir, closer to Spain where the agricultural activity is more intensive. 相似文献
99.
Bioaccumulation of Cd by a European lacertid lizard after chronic exposure to Cd-contaminated food 总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1
Apart from analyses for elemental contaminants in field collected specimens, very little is known about the assimilation, accumulation and toxic effects of inorganic contaminants in reptiles. This study examined the chronic accumulation of Cd in a European lacertid lizard (Podarcis carbonelli) following dietary provision of an environmentally realistic concentration of Cd for 21 weeks. Lizards were provided with Cd that had either been biologically incorporated into crickets, or as Cd(NO3)2 added superficially to crickets just prior to feeding. Among both treatment groups Cd accumulated in tissues in the following order of concentration: gut>liver>kidney>carcass. The majority of the Cd was retained within the gut, and transfer to internal organs was low. Morphological indices, brain and plasma cholinesterase activities, gut and liver metallothionein content, and standard metabolic rate were measured as biomarkers of exposure and effect; however, no differences between control lizards and Cd-treated lizards were observed. 相似文献
100.
Soares EV Soares HM 《Environmental science and pollution research international》2012,19(4):1066-1083
The release of heavy metals into the environment, mainly as a consequence of anthropogenic activities, constitutes a worldwide
environmental pollution problem. Unlike organic pollutants, heavy metals are not degraded and remain indefinitely in the ecosystem,
which poses a different kind of challenge for remediation. It seems that the “best treatment technologies” available may not
be completely effective for metal removal or can be expensive; therefore, new methodologies have been proposed for the detoxification
of metal-bearing wastewaters. The present work reviews and discusses the advantages of using brewing yeast cells of Saccharomyces cerevisiae in the detoxification of effluents containing heavy metals. The current knowledge of the mechanisms of metal removal by yeast
biomass is presented. The use of live or dead biomass and the influence of biomass inactivation on the metal accumulation
characteristics are outlined. The role of chemical speciation for predicting and optimising the efficiency of metal removal
is highlighted. The problem of biomass separation, after treatment of the effluents, and the use of flocculent characteristics,
as an alternative process of cell–liquid separation, are also discussed. The use of yeast cells in the treatment of real effluents
to bridge the gap between fundamental and applied studies is presented and updated. The convenient management of the contaminated
biomass and the advantages of the selective recovery of heavy metals in the development of a closed cycle without residues
(green technology) are critically reviewed. 相似文献