酸化时间对磁性碳纳米管制备及吸附菲的影响

采用共沉淀法对混酸氧化的多壁碳纳米管（MWCNTs）进行磁化,形成了Fe₃O₄/MWCNTs磁性复合材料（MMWCNTs）.研究了酸化时间对MMWCNTs制备及其吸附水中菲性能的影响.结果表明：弱酸条件下吸附效果较好,MMWCNTs对水中菲的吸附在30min内快速上升,到60min时基本达到平衡,吸附过程符合准二级动力学模型.MMWCNTs对水中菲的饱和吸附量随酸化时间增加呈现先升高后降低的趋势.酸化7h后制备的MMWCNTs的饱和吸附量最大,达到17.56μg/mg.     

碳纳米管/BiOBr复合材料的制备及其光催化性能

采用一步溶剂热的方法成功制备了微量多壁碳纳米管（MWCNT）修饰的溴氧化铋（BiOBr）复合材料,实现了对盐酸四环素（TC）的高效稳定降解.在MWCNT添加量为0.01mg（0.001wt%）时,制得的MWCNT/BiOBr催化剂具有较低的光致发光强度、较大的光电流和较小的EIS弧,显著提高了光催化效率.性能的显著提高是由于MWCNT的高捕获电子能力,它不仅能增强光吸收,而且还加速了电荷载流子的分离.通过自由基捕获实验和电子自旋共振（ESR）确定其主要活性组分为·O₂^-,并提出了提高复合材料光催化活性的可能机理.     

基于二氧化钛纳米管有序阵列的氢气探测

基于气体传感器对H_2的泄漏进行探测监控,可以有效预防和控制H_2火灾爆炸事故的发生。通过阳极氧化法制备了高度有序的二氧化钛(TiO_2)纳米管阵列并制成气体传感器元器件,研究其在空气气氛中对H_2的气敏特性。通过粉末X射线衍射(XRD)、扫描电子显微镜(SEM),透射电子显微镜(TEM)表征手段研究了TiO_2纳米管的相组成和微观结构。TiO_2纳米管具有优异的气敏性能,可在200℃以上对H_2进行有效探测,检测极限达到20ppm。325℃对1 000ppm H_2灵敏度为446,响应时间为2s,对H_2选择性好。     

Fenton改性多壁碳纳米管对亚甲基蓝的吸附性能研究

通过催化裂解法制备多壁碳纳米管,利用Fenton试剂对多壁碳纳米管改性,研究了Fenton改性对多壁碳纳米管表面物理化学特性的影响和对亚甲基蓝的吸附特性.投射电镜(TEM)、比表面积(BET)分析表明,Fenton改性多壁碳纳米管纯度高,孔隙均匀,外径为30nm左右,比表面积为120m2/g;且表面引入了大量含氧基团,等电点为1.8.未改性和Fenton改性多壁碳纳米管对亚甲基蓝的吸附动力学均符合Langergren模型,其平衡吸附量分别为24.5,36.4mg/g;吸附等温线均符合Freundlich模型,未改性和Fenton改性多壁碳纳米管的kF分别为7.92和25.37;温度和pH值升高均有利于Fenton改性多壁碳纳米管对亚甲基蓝的吸附.     

Surface characterization of acid-oxidized multi-walled carbon nanotubes

Multi-walled carbon nanotubes (MWNTs) oxidized with sulfuric acid, nitric acid, and the mixture of sulfuric and nitric acids were characterized by thermogravimetric analysis (TGA), Raman spectroscopy, elemental analysis, X-ray diffraction, and X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy. The TGA data showed that the MWNTs were more resistant to oxidation than C₆₀ or activated carbon fibers. Catalyst particles could be removed by the oxidants containing sulfuric acid, and thus indicative of the tip opening of MWNTs. The sulfuric acid had a propensity to create defect sites and introduce the surface oxides at those defects that already exist or be newly generated on MWNTs. However, the acid mixture could open the caps of MWNTs but preserve the structure homogeneity. The treatment with nitric acid gave rise to the highest bulk oxygen content in MWNTs, while the most abundant surface oxides were provided by sulfuric acid oxidation. In addition, nitric acid exhibited the best ability to transform the phenolic groups into carboxyl groups.     

芬顿试剂法制备磁性碳纳米管及其对亚甲基蓝的吸附性能

采用芬顿试剂法在碳纳米管纯化样品表面负载纳米磁性氧化铁颗粒,制备磁性碳纳米管杂化材料(MWCNTs/Fe2O3),该杂化材料具有较高的纳米氧化铁负载率(>50%)和优异的磁性能,制备过程中无需额外添加阳离子,不会对环境造成不利影响.将磁性碳纳米管杂化材料应用于染料废水处理中,结果发现MWCNTs/Fe2O3对亚甲基蓝染料吸附性能较好,吸附后用磁铁易于达到固液分离的效果.吸附性能研究表明,磁性碳纳米管对水溶液中亚甲基蓝的吸附在40 min内吸附容量迅速上升,其值达到最大平衡吸附容量的88%以上,60 min基本达到平衡,吸附过程符合准二级动力学模型(R2>0.999).磁性碳纳米管吸附亚甲基蓝的平衡吸附量qe与亚甲基蓝溶液的平衡浓度Ce的关系满足Langmuir(R2>0.999)、Freundlich(R2>0.97)以及Dubinin-Radushkevich(D-R)(R2>0.96)等温吸附模型.通过Langmuir模型计算可知磁性碳纳米管对亚甲基蓝的最大吸附容量为69.98 mg.g-1,吸附过程为有利吸附,由D-R模型计算结果可以推断MWCNTs/Fe2O3对水溶液中亚甲基蓝的吸附机制以化学吸附为主.     

Fenton溶液预处理对TiO2纳米管催化活性的影响

采用Fenton溶液对TiO2纳米管电极进行预处理,研究其对TiO2纳米管催化活性的影响,考察了Fenton溶液的浓度、配比和处理时间等影响因素,研究了Fenton预处理过程中溶液中二价铁和总铁的含量变化,运用X射线光电子能谱仪(XPS)和场发射扫描电子显微镜(FESEM)对TiO2纳米管电极进行了表征,初步探讨了经处理后TiO2纳米管催化活性再生或增强的机理.结果表明,经Fenton溶液处理后的TiO2纳米管催化活性有明显地提高,Fenton溶液浓度越高,TCs降解率越大(相应于TiO2纳米管催化活性的增强);在一定浓度范围内,H2O2的配比高低对TCs降解率影响较大,其所占比例高,则降解率高,而Fe2+配比高低对TCs降解率影响相对较小.在Fenton溶液处理过程中,溶液中剩余的Fe2+含量较为恒定,总铁的含量呈下降趋势.XPS分析表明,经Fenton溶液处理后,TiO2纳米管电极表面C1s含量降低,O1s、Fe2p含量增大;部分含碳官能团含量明显降低,O1s的电子结合能向高能端位移.     

离子型表面活性剂对菲在碳纳米管上吸附的影响

采用批量实验法,研究了菲在碳纳米管上的吸附以及阴/阳离子表面活性剂,十二烷基苯磺酸钠（SDBS）和十二烷基三甲基氯化铵（DDTMA）对菲吸附的影响.菲在单壁碳纳米管和多壁碳纳米管上吸附符合Freundlich等温线,n值分别为0.24和0.37,呈高度非线性;lgKF值分别为7.34和6.41,比一般土壤有机质吸附能力高出2个数量级以上,并且单壁碳纳米管对菲的吸附能力强于多壁碳纳米管.总体上,SDBS和DDTMA对菲在碳纳米管上的吸附均表现为抑制作用,抑制程度随表面活性剂浓度增加而增加,随菲浓度增加而减弱.但是当DDTMA浓度较大时（1000 mg.L-1）,对于菲在吸附能力较低的多壁碳纳米管上的吸附的抑制程度降低;特别是当菲浓度较大时,对菲的吸附反而有促进作用.这是因为DDTMA在碳纳米管表面形成的类（混合）胶束结构对菲的吸附促进作用部分抵偿（或超过）了其占据多壁碳纳米管表面的吸附抑制作用.     

International standardized procedures for in vivo evaluation of multi-walled carbon nanotube toxicity in water

The classical approach in ecotoxicological evaluation of chemical substances consists of conducting standardized bioassays on organism models. In this work, the potential impact of industrial multi-walled carbon nanotubes was investigated by ecotoxicological standardized procedures using aquatic organisms of different trophic levels, namely bacteria, green algae, invertebrates, fish, and amphibians. The results indicated (1) inhibition of growth in amphibians at 50 mg L^?1 and higher, and (2) no effects on daphnia and fish up to 100 mg L^?1. With the exception of algae (for which Fe deficiency is measured), it seems that the observed toxicity may be due to physiological effects in relation to the ingestion of carbon nanotubes not necessarily related to their intrinsic effects.     

Effect of TiO2 nanoparticles and multiwall carbon nanotubes on the freshwater diatom Nitzschia frustulum: evaluation of growth,cellular components and morphology

Great attention should be paid to the possible impacts of various nanoparticles on aquatic organism. Freshwater diatoms are essential components of phytoplankton and play a critical role in bioassessment of nanoparticle exposure in the environment. In this study, cell growth was inhibited by TiO₂-NPs and MWCNTs, the 24?h EC₅₀ values of TiO₂-NPs and MWCNTs to Nitzschia frustulum were 20.75 and 24.64?mg?L^?1, respectively. Significant decreases of Chl a content after TiO₂-NPs exposures were detected and the Chl a content of N. frustulum was obviously increased by MWCNTs treatment at lower concentration. The ROS was detected in N. frustulum after TiO₂-NPs and MWCNTs exposures. The MDA content was significantly induced by TiO₂-NPs at lower concentrations of 24 and 48?h exposure; meanwhile, it increased at all tested concentrations at 24?h MWCNTs exposure. The SOD enzyme was induced by 72 and 96?h TiO₂-NPs exposure, and increased by MWCNTs treatment at 96?h in N. frustulum. Scanning electron microscopy results revealed that N. frustulum had obvious cell deformation after TiO₂-NPs treatment. The result showed that the physiological and biochemical response mechanisms after NPs exposure of diatom were species-specific, and in relation to the exposure concentration and time.