玉裂废水粘度对二氧化锰臭氧催化氧化处理特性的影响

通过FT-IR和GC—MS检测分析，表明了压裂废水中有机物主要以苯环结构为主的芳香类化合物和其他杂环化合物，苯环及杂环上的主要官能团包括酮、酯、羧酸、醛、酚、氨基等。同时，压裂废水中的粘度为常规水粘度的2～3倍。针对压裂废水高粘度和高COD污染水质特征，实验研究了压裂废水二氧化锰臭氧催化氧化处理特性以及粘度对处理效果的影响，研究结果表明，在粘度较高（2．2×10-3 Pa·s）压裂废水中，投加的化学药剂很难扩散，羟基自由基·OH的利用效率较低，处理效果较差。通过投加过硫酸钾（5g／L）降粘后，可在很大程度上提高二氧化锰臭氧催化氧化的处理效果。通过对压裂废水中有机物分子量分布、FT-IR分析以及GC—MS分析可知，二氧化锰臭氧催化氧化处理压裂废水是通过激发羟基自由基，破坏水中有机物极性和有机物化学构造，将复杂长链有机物转变为简单有机物，其出水COD可达到国家污水综合排放标准中的二级排放标准。     

臭氧/活性炭联合工艺深度处理焦化废水

采用臭氧/活性炭联合工艺对焦化废水A2/O出水进行深度处理。考察了溶液初始pH值、臭氧投加量、活性炭投加量及使用次数、反应时间对焦化废水处理效果的影响。实验结果表明,活性炭的使用可显著提高臭氧对焦化废水COD的去除率,在溶液初始pH值为10.25、臭氧投加量为7.5 mg/min、活性炭投加量50 g/L、反应时间为30 min条件下,COD去除率达到73.51%。同时,在活性炭重复使用10次时,COD去除率为70.85%,仅降低了2.66%。     

压裂废水粘度对二氧化锰臭氧催化氧化处理特性的影响

通过FT-IR和GC-MS检测分析,表明了压裂废水中有机物主要以苯环结构为主的芳香类化合物和其他杂环化合物,苯环及杂环上的主要官能团包括酮、酯、羧酸、醛、酚、氨基等。同时,压裂废水中的粘度为常规水粘度的2~3倍。针对压裂废水高粘度和高COD污染水质特征,实验研究了压裂废水二氧化锰臭氧催化氧化处理特性以及粘度对处理效果的影响,研究结果表明,在粘度较高(2.2×10^-3Pa·s)压裂废水中,投加的化学药剂很难扩散,羟基自由基·OH的利用效率较低,处理效果较差。通过投加过硫酸钾(5 g/L)降粘后,可在很大程度上提高二氧化锰臭氧催化氧化的处理效果。通过对压裂废水中有机物分子量分布、FT-IR分析以及GC-MS分析可知,二氧化锰臭氧催化氧化处理压裂废水是通过激发羟基自由基,破坏水中有机物极性和有机物化学构造,将复杂长链有机物转变为简单有机物,其出水COD可达到国家污水综合排放标准中的二级排放标准。     

混凝-氧化法预处理原料药废水

采用混凝-Fenton试剂氧化或混凝-臭氧氧化两种氧化技术预处理上海某医药集团原料药废水。实验结果表明：采用聚合氯化铝（PAC）和聚丙烯酰胺（PAM）复合混凝处理该废水，在混凝pH为9.5、混凝时间1h、PAC和PAM加入量分别为600mg/L和12mg/L时，COD的去除率可达23%；混凝后废水再分别用臭氧氧化和Fenton试剂氧化处理，臭氧氧化明显比Fenton试剂氧化经济有效，在臭氧氧化pH为10、臭氧加入量为15g/L、臭氧氧化时间为1h的条件下，废水COD去除率为27.8%，废水BOD₅/COD明显提高，为后续生化处理提供了良好的条件。     

Pretreatment of cyanided tailings by catalytic ozonation with Mn2+/O3

The increasing amount of cyanided tailings produced as a by-product has gained significant attention in recent years because of the rapid development of the gold industry and extensive exploitation of gold mineral resources. The effective use of these secondary resources is becoming an important and urgent problem for all environmental protection staff. Manganese-catalyzed ozonation for the pre-oxidation of cyanided tailings was studied and the effects of Mn²⁺ dosage, initial sulfuric acid concentration, ozone volume flow, temperature and agitation speed on pretreatment were examined. The optimum reaction conditions were observed to be: ore pulp density 2.5%, agitation speed 700 r/min, temperature 60 ℃, Mn²⁺ dosage 40 g/L, ozone volume flow 80 L/hr, initial sulfuric acid concentration 1 mol/L, and reaction time 6 hr. Under these conditions, the leaching rate of Fe and weight loss could reach 94.85% and 48.89% respectively. The leaching process of cyanided tailings by Mn²⁺/O³ was analyzed, and it was found that the leaching of pyrite depends on synergetic oxidation by high-valent manganese and O³, in which the former played an important part.     

Activated carbon enhanced ozonation of oxalate attributed to HO. oxidation in bulk solution and surface oxidation： Effect of activated carbon dosage and pH

Ozonation of oxalate in aqueous phase was performed with a commercial activated carbon（AC）in this work. The effect of AC dosage and solution pH on the contribution of hydroxyl radicals（HOU） in bulk solution and oxidation on the AC surface to the removal of oxalate was studied. We found that the removal of oxalate was reduced by tert-butyl alcohol（tBA） with low dosages of AC,while it was hardly affected by tBA when the AC dosage was greater than 0.3 g/L. tBA also inhibited ozone decomposition when the AC dosage was no more than 0.05 g/L, but it did not work when the AC dosage was no less than 0.1 g/L. These observations indicate that HOUin bulk solution and oxidation on the AC surface both contribute to the removal of oxalate. HOU oxidation in bulk solution is significant when the dosage of AC is low, whereas surface oxidation is dominant when the dosage of AC is high. The oxalate removal decreased with increasing pH of the solution with an AC dosage of 0.5 g/L. The degradation of oxalate occurs mainly through surface oxidation in acid and neutral solution, but through HOUoxidation in basic bulk solution. A mechanism involving both HOUoxidation in bulk solution and surface oxidation was proposed for AC enhanced ozonation of oxalate.     

臭氧氧化水溶液中对乙酰氨基酚的机制研究

采用间歇实验的方法,研究了臭氧氧化降解水溶液中对乙酰氨基酚的影响因素和机制.结果表明,臭氧能够有效降解水溶液中的对乙酰氨基酚,降解过程符合伪一级动力学模型(R2>0.992).臭氧浓度、HCO-3和pH值均影响对乙酰氨基酚的降解过程,添加HCO-3、提高pH值和适当增大臭氧浓度均可提高其降解效果.气相色谱/质谱和离子色谱检测结果表明,在对乙酰氨基酚臭氧氧化的过程中,首先生成对苯酚及一系列含有羧基的酸类产物,继而被进一步氧化;依据中间产物,探讨了对乙酰氨基酚可能的降解反应途径.TOC检测仪的检测结果显示,对乙酰氨基酚的最终矿化程度较低.在对乙酰氨基酚的初始浓度为20 mg·L-1及臭氧浓度为9.10 mg·L-1时,反应130 min后,矿化程度仅为16.42%.     

Comparison of different disinfection processes in the effective removal of antibiotic-resistant bacteria and genes

This study compared three different disinfection processes(chlorination, E-beam, and ozone) and the efficacy of three oxidants(H2O2, S2O-8, and peroxymonosulfate(MPS)) in removing antibiotic resistant bacteria(ARB) and antibiotic resistance genes(ARGs) in a synthetic wastewater. More than30 mg/L of chlorine was needed to remove over 90% of ARB and ARG. For the E-beam method, only1 dose(kGy) was needed to remove ARB and ARG, and ozone could reduce ARB and ARG by more than 90% even at 3 mg/L ozone concentration. In the ozone process, CT values(concentration × time)were compared for ozone alone and combined with different catalysts based on the 2-log removal of ARB and ARG. Ozone treatment yielded a value of 31 and 33(mg·min)/L for ARB and ARGs respectively. On the other hand, ozone with persulfate yielded 15.9 and 18.5(mg·min)/L while ozone with monopersulfate yielded a value of 12 and 14.5(mg·min)/L. This implies that the addition of these catalysts significantly reduces the contact time to achieve a 2-log removal, thus enhancing the process in terms of its kinetics.     

无机离子对催化臭氧化降解水中痕量硝基苯效果的影响

考察了天然水体中常见的无机离子对单独臭氧氧化、臭氧/蜂窝陶瓷和臭氧/改性蜂窝陶瓷3种氧化工艺分解水中痕量硝基苯的影响.单独臭氧氧化和臭氧/改性蜂窝陶瓷对硝基苯的分解效率随着钙离子浓度的升高(0～4 mg·L^-1)分别增加了5.0%和8.6%,在相同实验条件下,臭氧/蜂窝陶瓷对硝基苯的降解效率在钙离子浓度为0.5 mg·L^-1时达到最大值;单独臭氧氧化、臭氧/蜂窝陶瓷和臭氧/改性蜂窝陶瓷在锰离子浓度增加(0～4 mg·L^-1)的情况下对硝基苯的去除率分别增加了10.9%、11.6%和9.6%,随着重碳酸根离子浓度的增加(0～200 mg·L^-1)分别降低了8.6%、11.5%和8.9%;硝酸根和硫酸根离子浓度对单独臭氧氧化降解水中硝基苯无明显影响,另2种氧化工艺对硝基苯的分解效率随着硝酸根和硫酸根离子浓度的增加而降低.     

羟基氧化铁催化臭氧氧化对滤后水卤乙酸生成势的影响

考察了滤后水经过单独臭氧氧化和羟基氧化铁(FeOOH)催化臭氧氧化后5种卤乙酸生成势(HAA5FP)的生成情况.研究了氧化时间、溴离子浓度、滤后水pH值、碱度和O3投量对2种氧化方式下HAA5FP的影响规律.发现该滤后水氯化后的HAA种类为二氯乙酸(DCAA)、三氯乙酸(TCAA)及溴离子存在时有二溴乙酸(DBAA).无溴离子存在时,催化臭氧氧化在5～20min内使得HAA5FP比臭氧氧化后的降低9.5%～18.3%.溴离子浓度增加使HAA5FP减少,催化臭氧氧化后HAA5FP也比臭氧氧化后低更多.中性pH时,催化臭氧氧化比臭氧氧化有更明显的控制HAA5FP的优势.重碳酸盐碱度升高使HAA5FP降低,且2种氧化后HAA5FP的差别减小.O₃/TOC比值为0.45～1.43的臭氧投量范围内,催化臭氧氧化后HAA5FP比臭氧氧化后减少11.2%～28.0%.催化臭氧氧化对滤后水HAA5FP的影响与FeOOH催化臭氧生成羟基自由基的特点密切相关.