国家环境咨询委员会成员简介（六）

唐孝炎，女，1932年10月出生。环境科学专家，中国工程院院士，现任北京大学环境科学系教授，并担任UNEP臭氧层损耗环境影响评估组共同主席，北京市人民政府科学顾问等。自1972年起开创了我国大气环境化学领域的系统研究和教学。30余年来，在大气环境重要领域：臭氧、光化学烟雾、酸雨，以及气溶胶化学等方面进行了全面的研究，作出了重要的贡献，是我国大气环境化学领域的学术带头人。近年来，针对我国城市和区域的大气污染的特点，在大气细颗粒物的来源、形成及对城市大气污染的作用方面有深入研究，提出了我国存在区域性大气复合污染的概念。     

沧州炼油厂恶臭污染与防治浅析

炼油厂在生产过程中产生的废气易引起环境恶臭污染，通过对污染源进行治理，加强生产管理，杜绝无组织排放，实行有效监督是防止恶臭污染的关键。     

济南市二氧化硫污染现状及防治对策

近年来，济南市的经济快速发展，但随之而来的环境污染特别是大气污染则日益加剧。空气中总悬浮颗粒物、二氧化硫和氮氧化物等主要污染物都不同程度的超过国家规定的环境质量标准，特别是冬季二氧化硫污染相当严重。据监测，１９９７年冬季采暖期间，空气中二氧化硫的平均浓度为０－３６５ｍｇ／Ｎｍ３，为非采暖期的３－６倍，若在逆温、静风等不良气候条件下，二氧化硫日均值可达１－０ｍｇ／Ｎｍ３，超过国家二级空气质量标准的５－７倍。由于受二氧化硫污染影响，冬季空气质量时有恶化。１９９７年１１月下旬连续数日出现酸雾。二氧化硫…     

小城镇环境保护对策探讨

本文介绍了我国小城镇的发展概况，分析了小城镇发展中存在的环境问题，为实现小城镇的可持续发展，针对废水、废气、噪声、固废污染及生态环境问题提出了环境保护对策及措施。     

广州市黄埔地区1984～1994年酸雨状况及分析

黄埔地区是广州市重要的工业区，本文以1984-1994年酸雨监测资料为依据，分析了该地区11年来的酸雨污染状况及特点，并对酸雨成因及其与大气污染的关系进行了初步探讨。     

对广州市车辆废气污染问题的思考

本针对广州近年出现的城市化异常现象和大气污染特征，分析了机动车废气污染的成因和造成大气污染的各种因素，提出了解决机动车污染和增强大气环境调节能力的对策和措施．     

Influence of new town development on the urban heat island - The case of the Bundang area

Five new towns have been developed around the Seoul metropolitan area since 1996. However, these new towns generate lots of traffic and related problems in the areas including those new towns and Seoul as a result of increases in population and a lack of ecological-self-sufficiency. Currently, construction of another new town is under deliberation, and what should be a major consider is the notion that the new town be located within a wide, green zone. Many studies have revealed that green space can play an important role in improving urban eco-meteorological capability and air quality. In order to analyze the urban heat island which will be created by the new urban development, and to investigate the local thermal environment and its negative effects caused by a change of land use type and urbanization, Landsat TM images were used for extraction of urban surface temperature according to changes of land use over the last 15 years. These data are analyzed together with digital land use and topographic information. As a study result, it was found the urban heat island of the study area from 198.5 to 1999 rapidly developed which showed a difference of mean temperature above 2.0. Before the Bundang new town construction the temperature of the residential area was the same as a forest, but during the new town construction in 1991 analysis revealed the creation of an urban heat island. The temperature of a forest whose size is over 50% of the investigation area was lowest, and thus the presence of a forest is believed to have a direct cooling effect on the urban environment and its surroundings. The mean temperature of the residential and commercial areas in the study was found to be 4.5 higher than the forest, and therefore this part of land use is believed to be the main factor causing the temperature increase of the urban heat island.     

环境空气污染预报及其意义

由我国在１３个重点城市开展环境空气污染周报出发，综述国内外环境空气污染预报的情况，指出环境空气污染预报的三方面重要意义。     

大气污染的危害与对策

根据目前全球大气污染形成的现状,分析了大气污染的危害,提出了综合防治的对策和相关措施。     

燃煤引起的氟污染

氟是煤中的有害元素，煤燃烧时，煤中氟被释放出来，本文叙述了煤在燃烧过程中，氟化物形态的转化、释放氟的规律，氟在大气环境中的迁移，扩散机理，为氟污染的评价和防治提供科学依据。